First of all, the assumptions underlying the world view that belongs to the fascist thought were reconstructed, mainly with respect to some programmatic pronouncements by Benito Mussolini. Then, the Fichtean notions of the self, of knowledge, person, state, and education were compared with Heidegger's concepts of existence, understanding, and apprehension, also with the idea of 'Dasein'. This comparison served to work out - against a philosophical as well as historical background - a radical or even extreme conception of autonomy. Fascism was taken at the same time as a way to set up a durable order of legal, political, and economic power. At the end, there was proposed an answer to the question of the extent to which a philosophically grounded notion of autonomy - as it can be seen in Fichte and Heidegger - shows some features characteristic of the fascist attitude.
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