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La causalité, l'argumentation et les connecteurs

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Linguistica Pragensia
|
2011
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vol. 21
|
issue 1
1-13
EN
The paper deals with the relation between argumentation and causality. After having defined causality (referring to D. Hume) and its language representation, we distinguish three types of argumentative discourse articulated by an argument-introducing connective (parce que, puisque, car, en effet etc.), i.e. argument for the utterance content, argument for the illocutionary act and argument for the act of enunciation. Afterwards, we examine the relation between argument and conclusion in these three types of discourse from the point of view of causality. We show that causality operates as a principle which the argumentation is based on only in the case of truth-conditional acts. We try to explain some restrictions concerning the distribution of the causally related entities which are observed.
EN
Argumentative connectives are lexical items that participate in text structuration and mark the argumentative orientation of the sequences they connect. Their value in “langue” is constituted by a matrix of semantic, syntactic, textual and stylistic features. We hold that there is a difference between contrastive analysis in “langue” and equivalence in “parole”. The paper, which deals with the connectives néanmoins and nicméně, concerns only the comparison of values in “langue”. Both connectives belong to the paradigm of concessive connectives. Their etymology which is analysed in detail is similar; the hypothesis was that their value in French and in Czech would be analogical. This hypothesis was confirmed in many aspects although some differences are pointed out, mainly at the syntactic and semantic level. These differences are mostly due to the different structuration of the paradigm of concessive connectives in French and in Czech.
Bohemistyka
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2013
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vol. 13
|
issue 1
57 - 71
EN
The paper discusses by which language means it is possible to express certain discourse relations in Czech. The analysis is based on the annotated data from the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) and deals with the language expressions that are not considered classic connectives (i.e. mainly conjunctions and adverbs as therefore, and, but etc.). Examples of such expressions (called alternative lexicalizations of discourse connectives or AltLex's) are the reason is, with the justification that, simply speaking etc. The paper presents the comparison of Czech and English AltLex's and their semantic characteristics - it analyzes their possibility of expressing an anaphoric reference. Finally, the paper demonstrates how discourse may be interlinked with coreference, as new Czech AltLex's in PDT may be found and annotated on the basis of their annotation under coreference.
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