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PRAHY DOMOVA Z: ETNOGRAFIE KONEKTIVITY V POBYTOVÉ SOCIÁLNÍ SLUŽBĚ

100%
Carboch R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2023
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
269 – 292
EN
In this ethnographic study, I describe daily life at Home Z, an asylum for 100 residents. I explore the tensions between the inclusive orientation of social services and the system of the total institution. Based on actor-network theory and on Goffman’s model of the total institution, I develop a methodological tool of semi-permeable socio-material thresholds in order to investigate the question of residents’ connectivity with people, things, and places beyond the authority of the institution. In so doing, as I aim for a deeper understanding of the formation of specific institutional spaces, I discover that Home Z's residents are living on an island that is kept continuously separated from the sea of wider society.
2

SLEEP PHYSIOLOGY AS AN APPROACH OF DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY: SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIVIDUAL EEG PATTERNS

63%
Bodizs R.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
29-50
EN
One of the well described aspects of the electrophysiology of sleep is related to the organization of neural systems in synchronized oscillations. Beside the general aspects of these oscillations there is increasing evidence for the existence of some individual-specific traits, which can be quantified by the individual topographic and spectral fingerprints of sleep-EEG. Individual fingerprints of human sleep-EEG are characterized by remarkable stability, bidirectional relationship with neural plasticity and definiteness by neural connectivity. Given the latter characteristic, these fingerprints could play an important role in research work aiming to reveal the neurobiological bases of psychological differences. Accumulating evidence supports the pertinence of this approach. Correlations of sleep-dependent slow wave activity with memory and executive functions were found, while sleep spindling was shown to have a complex relationship with cognitive performance. This relationship may shed light on the neurobiological bases of general mental ability or intelligence. Some preliminary data supporting the correlation between sleep-EEG and the affective traits of human subjects strengthen the differential psychological relevance of sleep-EEG activity. Given the fact that individual functional neuroanatomy is a major factor that shapes sleep-EEG oscillations, the latter reflect the actual state of synaptic infrastructure. However, by facilitating plastic processes neural oscillations also open the door to the efficient and adaptive reorganization of neural connectivity.
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