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Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 1
103-112
EN
The practical application of quantitative methods in risk management in investment projects carried out in the construction industry requires specialised knowledge in this field. In particular, it’s necessary to know the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. As different investment projects are carried out in the economy, including the construction industry, every time different methods, techniques and tools need to be used to estimate risks. These issues are addressed in the paper, the aim of which is to discuss the selected methods used to estimate risk in investment projects in the construction industry, focusing on their advantages and disadvantages. The problems are discussed theoretically and presented in a synthetic way.
EN
The purpose of this paper can be described as follows. The contemporary philosophical logic cannot work without using some terms well-known from mathematics and (mathematical) logic. Among such terms that play an important role in logical and philosophical analyses of language, meaning and the like we can find function, procedure and construction. One problem is that various authors use these terms in various ways, another problem consists in the well-known fact that many philosophers do not have any idea of what those and similar terms could mean. The present paper tries to explain why an exact explication of the three mentioned terms can contribute to understanding and even solving many problems with semantics of natural language, which a philosopher should be (and frequently is) interested in.
ELPIS
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 23-24
181-192
EN
This article presents examples of creating of Christian church architecture based on creating sacred spaces in such way to enclose in it the symbolism of the church. On the basis of these examples, the analysis of construction of the temples was carried out. It indicates that architectural solutions based on theological symbols are also the best solution in mechanics of structures. Only its precise adaptation allows to build a perfect church, both in theological and architectural aspects. It turns out that architectural and liturgical forms of the temple depend on the construction- it is a 'reflection' in a terms of space and liturgy of a church, the principles of physics which means lows of nature established by God.
EN
Logical analysis of natural language (LANL) based on TIL defines meaning (Frege’s sense) in a procedural way, resulting in the following thesis: The meaning of an expression is independent of context. The meaning (in the case of non-indexical expressions concept) is thus an abstract procedure, which is explicated in TIL as (well-defined) construction. What does depend on context is the way in which the meaning has to be handled. From this viewpoint we can distinguish three kinds of contexts: (i) hyper-intensional context; (ii) intensional context; (iii) extensional context.
EN
The contribution deals with the superficies solo (non) cedit principle. More specifically, paper focuses on question, if specific type of construction in administrative law is simultaneously considered as a construction in civil law or if such construction is only a part of a land. The contribution presents certain borderline cases in which the court (after considering all facts in concrete situation) decides, if particular thing is a separate thing- construction or if such thing is only a part of a land. Such judgements have progressively created criteria which can be used for the solution of the above mentioned issue. Such decisions of courts have great importance in the terms of the ownership right and its subject- there is a significant difference if someone is the owner only of land or is the owner of the construction on and/or under land as well.
EN
The purpose of the text is to give a message on Europe as a construction beginning by initiative of Robert Schuman projected also into archetypical text of the European integration – the Treaty establishing European Coal and Steel Community. The 60th anniversary of the ECSC is understood as French-German story inspirating the European legal unification with later logo of the European Union within a regime of the Maastricht Treaty, the Lisbon Treaty and not always adequately respected Schuman’s requirement actually by EU member states agreed on Eurolevel project on the one hand, especially when it’s going on without appropriate supranational base insuring its functioning as it is shown on the example of Single European currency on the other. Europe as a construction is a continuing story which is also projected into a post-Maastricht expression Europeanization and to the Lisbon Treaty merging the Union and the Community. Its next form could be finded in the Treaty on Stability and Governance signed in March 2012. Thus contemporary times are not marked only by classical requirement of integration of higher density of supranationality laid over the state but even a perpective of potential creation of new unions over the European Union as it is still understood.
EN
This paper is divided into two parts the first of which examines the urban space in Bratislava (Prešporok) during the last decades of the existence of Austro-Hungarian monarchy, primarily through basic information about the city’s administrative division, its inhabitants and its infrastructure. We also focus on housing developments and construction, prevailing architectural styles and examples of new buildings using photographic documentation. In the second part of the paper, we survey and review both permanent and temporary museum exhibitions in Bratislava’s cultural institutions that concentrate on the daily life in Bratislava in the 19th and early 20th century.
EN
The concept of expressivity of a theory or a system (for example a system of concepts or – derivatively – of basic expressions) is surely important: a theory (system) is the more expressive the more problems it allows to be solved. We will try to formulate or at least to suggest an explication of this notion. We will, of course, assume that an appropriate explication of the notion of problem has been given.
EN
Structural grammar is an interesting grammar view of the language. In a sense, there is an approach to syntax that does not distinguish syntactic rules and the grammar lexicon. Theoretically and methodically, it has been developed since the 1980s, especially in Western European and the United States. Supporters of this concept understand grammar as a complex of constructions. It means solid syntactic units, which act as means of construction in the production of specific language statements. Constructions are organized in complex language hierarchy structures, including lexical units and morphological rules, whose schematic syntactical constructs with more or less complex internal structure are produced. Structural grammar reveals combining techniques in constructions, deconstructs texts, and provides real assumptions about the use and construction of structures. Each construction is a bilateral unit that combines the form, meaning, or function of a unit in a conventionally understood whole. From the functional as well as from the pragmatic-communicative point, the basic principles of constructive grammar are relevant to the discovery of the conventional language abilities of the native speaker based on general cognitive processes and communication goals.
EN
The article deals with the painted dowry-chests of Kurzeme in Western Latvia (their forms, metalwork and painting) recorded in drawings, descriptions and photographs by the Monument Board from the 1920s to the early 1940s. There are drawings, descriptions and occasionally photographs of 213 dowry-chests, 119 of them with painted decorations. The assumption that dowry-chests are the subject of ethnographers has created a situation where their artistic qualities have not been thoroughly analysed and assessed. The origins of dowry-chests can be traced back to the cassone developed in Italy from the 14th to the late 16th century, meaning 'chest' in Italian. In Kurzeme there is a wide variety of dowry-chests (they have been spotted unevenly in Kurzeme), yet there are general regularities concerning types, tones and artistic solutions. Forms of chests: 80 % are rectangular structures joined at the corners with straight lids (chest); 18 % are rectangular structures joined at the corners with curved lids (coffer). Chest colours: 45 % are brown, 37 % are green, and 12 % are blue and 5% blue-green. Chests are painted evenly in one tone on top of which there are groups of painted decoration. Painted decoration is created as a free-had drawing to achieve a magnificent result. The richest decoration is found on the front plane or façade of the chest. There is an opinion that Jewish-painted chests are more plastic and painterly but Latvians have created more graphic-style decorations. The uniqueness of dowry-chests found in Latvia consists in the compositional fusion of metalwork and painting, with their predominant vertical symmetry.
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