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Contextual effects for the school success of high-school students

100%
Fenyes H.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 18
|
issue 3
3-31
EN
The purpose of the study is twofold: the presentation and popularization of a scarcely used method in Hungarian sociology, the contextual analysis, on the other hand, the presentation of the effects of the cultural and social capital on high-school students' results within an OTKA 2006-2008 research project. The regression models directed the attention towards the importance of the contextual (institution-wide) effects on high-school students' results and performance. This study presents these effects by using the Davis-typology and describes them both on individual and group levels. Among the factors that explain the school success are gender, cultural capital brought from home and the students' and their parents' relational resources (in the case of the last one the author accentuates those relationships which are determined by the students' and their parents' religiousness). She comes to the conclusion that while boys' proportion in school does not have any contextual effect, the percentage of those parents who have diplomas already has an effect on the students' performance, and concerning the social capital the results are also interesting.
2

DO ELLIOTT SOBER’S ARGUMENTS FOR GROUP SELECTION REALLY ACCOUNT FOR THE CAUSAL EFFECT OF NATURAL SELECTION?

88%
Jeler C.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2013
|
vol. 68
|
issue 4
319 – 331
EN
The way Elliott Sober conceives group selection implies two claims: a) that natural selection is a cause; b) that natural selection can act at multiple levels of biological organization and that these multi-level selection processes are distinct or independent from one another. However, a comparison of multi-level selection processes with the distinction between selection and random drift allows us to assert that, if we conceive group selection as Sober does, the possibility of accurately quantifying the contributions to evolutionary change of two selective processes acting at different levels is an essential step needed in order to properly distinguish between them. However, Sober’s endorsement of the Price approach to measuring group and individual selection contributions makes it impossible for him to support, at the same time, both of the claims indicated above. He is thus forced either to admit an essential interconnectedness between selective processes acting at different levels, or to deny that evolutionary change is causally determined by natural selection.
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