Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 9

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

PERSONAL NEED FOR STRUCTURE RELATED TO COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AND WISDOM

100%
Ruiselová Z., Prokopčáková A., Kresánek J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2012
|
vol. 54
|
issue 4
287 – 297
EN
The research study focuses on personal need for structure (PNS) and its components in the context of counterfactual thinking, wisdom and selected personality characteristics. Intersexual and age aspects of PNS are also studied. Significant negative relations were found between the desire for structure (as a PNS component) and cognitive dimension of wisdom, as well as between the response to the lack of structure (as a PNS component) and cognitive, reflective and affective dimensions of wisdom. The relation of counterfactual thinking frequency and the need for structure did not prove significant, but higher response to the lack of structure was related to higher saddening of individuals by counterfactual thinking.
2

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING IN RELATION TO THE PERSONALITY OF WOMEN - DOCTORS AND NURSES

100%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A., Kresanek J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2007
|
vol. 49
|
issue 4
333-339
EN
The study concentrates on the quantitative and qualitative (content) analysis of counterfactual thinking (CT) in adult women (doctors - pediatricians - n = 25, mean age 35.8; nurses - n = 88, mean age 33.2 years) in the context of selected personality characteristics and ways of (effective) coping with difficult situations in everyday life. CT is studied with the method based on a standardized interview (10 questions), selected personality characteristics with the STPI questionnaire (Spielberger), and coping characteristics with LOQ (Antonovsky) and SM (Pearlin, Schooler) questionnaires. Our findings indicate a lower occurrence of CT associated with higher effectiveness of coping with difficult situations, with higher self-mastery and/or lower anxiety level. The qualitative analysis of demanding situations associated with CT indicates rather their non-specificity.
3

DEBIASING EFFECT OF COUNTERFACTUALS

100%
Strachanová D.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2019
|
vol. 22
|
issue 3
1 – 10
EN
Often, the decision-making situation is unclear, and we do not have enough relevant information. In this case we use shortcuts, which can lead to cognitive biases. Cognitive biases can affect our decision-making processes, and we are not able to make the decision in an unbiased way. They are present in a wide range of situations, and they can affect our job, relationships, and decisions about investments. Larrick (2004) defined three kinds of debiasing. The first type of debiasing interventions is motivational practices such as incentives or accountability. The second type of debiasing interventions involves cognitive methods like considering the opposite method, training or counterfactual priming. The third type of debiasing interventions is modern technologies such as the pros and cons lists or group decision-making. The aim of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of counterfactual priming, as a cognitive intervention, in reducing three cognitive biases: confirmation bias, as the tendency to search for information in line with our assumptions, the status quo bias, as the preference of the current state, and the attribution effect, as the tendency to attribute behaviour based more on personality than on situational context.
4

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AS A COPING STRATEGY - COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS

100%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A., Kresanek J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
237-249
EN
A study showed the occurrence and characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT) in relation to sense of coherence (SOC), that expresses coping effectiveness, and in relation to anxiety and self-esteem. A configurable frequency analysis was used to determine types. The combination of high coping effectiveness (SOC) with CT (rarer, helpful in solving future problems, not saddening, not inhibiting future problem solving) was confirmed - as type 1, in which cognitive aspects of CT prevail. Type 2 represents lower SOC in combination with CT (frequent, saddening, not helpful, rather inhibiting the solving of future problems) - emotional aspects of CT prevail in this type. The combination of CT characteristics with anxiety introduced a single type: high anxiety, frequent CT, saddening CT and CT does not help future solutions, CT inhibits future solutions. Any distinct type regarding the relation between CT characteristics and self-esteem was observed. CT characteristics are also discussed in relation to Big Five factors describing personality.
5

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AND PROACTIVE COPING

88%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
|
vol. 52
|
issue 4
291-299
EN
This study focuses on selected characteristics of counterfactual thinking related to effectiveness of coping (represented by sense of coherence SOC and self-efficacy GSES) and proactive coping. The authors focus on anxiety among personality characteristics related to the proactive coping and counterfactual thinking. The results show a higher level of proactive and preventive coping, as well as higher SOC and GSES, related to positive opinion of the helpfulness of counterfactual thinking in solving possible future problems and to lower anxiety.
6

CHANGES IN PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF COPING WITH LOAD SITUATIONS

88%
Bratska M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
251-258
EN
The aim of the research study is to introduce partial results from a study of counterfactual thinking and changes in the personality dimensions of female university students before and after participating in a socio-psychological training (SPT) course that focused on constructive solutions and coping with real load situations. After the SPT, statistically lower neuroticism (N), significantly higher extraversion (E) and statistically significant difference in sub-dimension happiness in meaningfulness (ME) were shown. After completing the training, participants usually understand problems as a challenge, enjoy possibilities and their own initiative more appreciate creative problem solving, see a possibility to influence the course of action and want to create mutual cooperation. SPT revealed the functionality and correctness of counterfactual thinking.
7

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AS RELATED TO ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM

88%
Prokopcakova A., Ruiselova Z.
Studia Psychologica
|
2008
|
vol. 50
|
issue 4
429-435
EN
The research study deals with the occurrence and characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT) in a sample of 456 nurses, and relationships between this type of thinking and personality - of its characteristics, those studied were anxiety, self-esteem, rumination, reflection, curiosity, aggressiveness and depressiveness. Results showed a higher CT occurrence and higher rumination and reflection level related to higher anxiety, the relation between CT frequency and level of self-esteem was not significant. CT as a help to possible future problem solving (representing the adaptive function of CT) is mentioned by up to 77.26% of nurses. This contribution (help) is related to a higher level of curiosity and reflection and a lower level of anxiety.
8

PERSONAL NEED FOR STRUCTURE, COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AND DECISION MAKING IN WOMEN

75%
Prokopčáková A.
Studia Psychologica
|
2014
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3
181 – 198
XX
The aim of the study is to clarify the mutual relationships between personal need for structure, counterfactual thinking and decision making styles. The research sample comprised 76 university students. The following scales were administered: Personal Need for Structure (PNS), Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ), Decision Making Style Questionnaire (DMSQ) and Counterfactual Thinking Questionnaire (CT). Results revealed that personal need for structure and its sub-factors do not affect an individual’s behaviour in the decision making process, but they do affect the decision making style when it comes to the desire for structure or the response to the lack thereof. A strong desire for structure is more related to a more frequent use of rational and dependent decision making style, while a weak response to the lack of structure is related to a more frequent use of the intuitive decision making style and less frequent avoidance decision making style. Additionally, the results show that counterfactual thinking characteristics are related mainly to maladaptive styles of decision making behaviour.
9

CAN COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING BE USEFUL (AND ADAPTIVE)?

75%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A.
Studia Psychologica
|
2011
|
vol. 53
|
issue 3
221-234
EN
The study focuses on the relationship between counterfactual thinking and salutogenic personality characteristics. Using the Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) of a sample of 259 women, the authors distinguish 3 types, representing the links of counterfactual thinking frequency with self-esteem, self-efficacy, reflective dimension of wisdom and optimism. Adaptiveness (usefulness) of counterfactual thinking was studied using the following variable: subjectively evaluated helpfulness of counterfactual thinking in solving future problems. With the application of the CFA, two types were found. The first is represented by the configuration of low helpfulness of counterfactual thinking related to low self-esteem, self-efficacy, reflective dimension of wisdom and optimism; the second has the configuration of high helpfulness of counterfactual thinking related to high self-esteem, self-efficacy, reflective dimension of wisdom and optimism. The second type indicates in particular possible usefulness of counterfactual thinking and emphasizes the need for its study within the personality context, as well as the study of inter-individual differences in counterfactual thinking.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.