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1

VÝVOJ ŠKÁLY VNÍMANIA BEZPEČIA A PREVENTÍVNEHO SPRÁVANIA

100%
Kentoš M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2014
|
vol. 17
|
issue 4
-
EN
The safety perception is defined as a control of potential threats in the form of crime, economic, social, or health risks. The present study deals with the development of perception of safety and preventive behaviour questionnaire, which was carried out on a representative sample of 1,843 respondents. Extracted factors fear of crime and preventive behaviour explained 67% of variance. The significant correlations of perception of safety subscales and conservatism and risk tendency were also confirmed.
2

FEAR OF CRIME, SECURITY PERCEPTION AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOUR

100%
Kentoš M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2018
|
vol. 21
|
issue 2
47 – 55
EN
The presented study analyses the social and personal predictors of the perception of safety, as a cognitive-emotional image of safety conditions in a defined living space of an individual. There is no consensus on the definition and measurement of security as a dependent variable. Particular tools are used to monitor the risk of victimization, fear of crime and preventive behavior. The aim of the study is to analyse the effect of vulnerability, victimization and contextual variables (ethnic threat, neighborhood issues) on the security perception, fear of crime, and preventive behavior in Slovakia. The second goal was to verify the impact of other psychological constructs – the need for structure, self-control, and conservatism – on these dependent variables. The results of the study confirmed a different structure of the predictors of security perception, fear of crime, as well as preventive behavior. Almost all the traditionally studied predictors were significant for the security perception. It has been confirmed that vulnerable groups, particularly women, the elderly, respondents from larger cities, and the victimized are more likely to have a lower level of security perception; which corresponds to a number of findings that repeatedly confirm the significant impact of the vulnerability factors on the security perception. Preventive behavior in this context appears to be a significantly different construct as compared to the security perception and fear of crime. The question of the impact of other psychological constructs on the preventive behavior remains open.
3

KOMPARÁCIA TRESTNÉHO ČINU LÚPEŽE V KONTEXTE PROBLÉMOV VYSKYTUJÚCICH SA V APLIKAČNEJ PRAXI

100%
Mokrá I.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2023
|
vol. 106
|
issue 2
127 – 144
EN
The area of criminal law is currently facing increasing criticism of its highly formalized form. However, this doesn´t only affect the procedural law, but also extends to the substantive level. In this context, the assessment of criminal offenses remains a topical issue only in the light of strictly formalized legislation. This fact is most clearly reflected in the context of robberies, in which in many cases there are border proceedings of the perpetrators, whose assessment, despite a relatively long common legal history with the Czech Republic, differs considerably. For this reason, the present contribution approaches not only the analysis of selected judgments of judicial authorities and a comparative view of the issue with the help of legislation of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Austria or the Federal Republic of Germany, or the Kingdom of Sweden but also constructs legal proposals for a more effective concept of assessing infringements showing signs of robbery, the severity of which, however, is significantly lower in numerous cases.
4

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. AN ATTEMPT TO QUANTIFY MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF CRIME IN POLAND (Zbrodnia i kara. Próba kwalifikacji makroekonomicznych uwarunkowan przestepczosci w Polsce)

100%
Florczak W.
Ekonomista
|
2009
|
issue 4
479-515
EN
Identification and quantification - on a macro-level - of factors determining crime in Poland in the years 1970-2005 was carried out in the article, with an emphasis given to the deterrence effect. The narration is illustrated with appropriate examples, with Poland being a benchmark. At the stage of equations' specification - which was supported by referring to recognized theories of crime - no initial gradation was done with respect to relative significance of possible determinants of crime, the effect of which was implementation of stepwise regression. The following types of crime were subject to investigation: (i) total, (ii) violent crimes, (iii) property crimes, (iv) other crimes, and (v) total social costs of crime. In the light of the obtained results, the causes of the increasing crime should be associated in the first place with deteriorating social development - among which economic inequality plays the leading role - as well as with lenient penitentiary policies. This cannot be counterbalanced by economic growth solely, which reduces the scale of crime.
5

SLEDOVANIE MÉDIÍ A VNÍMANIE BEZPEČIA V EURÓPE

100%
Kentoš M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2013
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vol. 16
|
issue 1
-
EN
Cultivation theory proposed that fear of crime is caused by heavy exposure to mass media. Presented study explores related hypothesis that fear of crime is product of media consumption. To test this and competing hypothesis, we analysed the results of European social survey data Round 5. The results indicate small additional value of media consumption variables to the increased fear of crime.
6

Crime and punishment in the practice of the medieval towns: The criminal cases of the town-book of Selmecbánya in the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries

100%
Csukovits E.
Tortenelmi Szemle (Historical Review)
|
2004
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vol. 46
|
issue 3/4
141-166
EN
The violent acts represent a very high number of criminal cases put into the town-book of Selmecbánya, most criminals, more than one hundred persons were accused of murder. There is a very high proportion of cases when the defendant resisted to the town leadership. Between 1360 and 1420 at Selmecbánya, an average of 1.6 murders were committed each year. However, the mortality in Selmecbánya caused by murders was not exceptionally high in the Middle Ages, if we compare these cases with those of Kassa, Zágráb or Western European towns. The town-book of Selmecbánya gave the punishments for each crime, however, these very severe punishment were carried out only rarely. More often, the criminals were exiled from Selmecbánya and a special type of punishment was the expiatory pilgrimage. The half of the fourty pilgrims in medieval Hungary who had to accomplish an expiatory pilgrimage came from Selmecbánya.
7

ARTFUL ANALYSIS OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS IN JAN JOHANIDES' FICTIONS (THE CRIME OF A SHY LESBIAN, THE BLACK FROST, PUNISHING CRIME) (Slovak title - below)

88%
Csiba K.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 5-6
470-473
EN
(Title in Slovak - 'Rafinovana analyza zlocinov a trestov v prozach Jana Johanidesa (Zlocin plachej lesbicky, Holomraz, Trestajuci zlocin)'). The article focused on the motif of crime. Because of the motif some of Jan Johanides' fictions concern a basic plot typical for the detective genre. The article doesn't mean to interfere a discussion on the history and rules of the genre. Instead of that the intention is to identify some features of crime literature influencing in various ways and intensity and semantic field of the researched fictions. Their form the norm overlaps of the popular writings and it still keeps character of fine literature that becomes a demonstration of auctorial opinions and attitudes. The moral issue is a specific feature of the reflections.
8

KRIMINALITA A VNÍMANIE BEZPEČIA V EURÓPE

88%
Kentoš M., Homišinová M., Husovská D.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2012
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vol. 15
|
issue 4
-
EN
The focus of the present analysis is on the perceived security of citizens from the different European countries. We examined the association between the subjective perceived security and the objective indicators of criminality in different European countries. The subjective perceived security was investigated in three domains – the perceived fear of dark abandoned places, the fear of being a victim of crime of violence, the fear of burglary into own apartment or house. Our results indicate that there isn’t any association between the level of criminality in the country and the perceived security of their citizens. The citizens from Scandinavian countries perceived the highest level of security in comparison with other European citizens, but on the other hand their countries are not the most secure according to objective indicators of criminality. The lowest levels of security are perceived mostly in south-eastern parts of Europe. Our findings are very interesting and need further investigations.
9

Problematyka konstytucyjnosci penalizacji znieslawienia

88%
Malec-Lewandowski P.
Przegląd Prawa Publicznego
|
2012
|
issue 2
39-55
EN
The article is a contribution to the heated debate concerning legal restraints of freedom of speech in Polish law. The article describes a major criminal constraint of freedom of speech: defamation crime. The studies of that matter have been made from legal (constitutional) point of view. Firstly, the article contains a description of the Constitutional Tribunal's thesis concerning the accordance of defamation crime (article 212 of the Polish penal code) with freedom of speech and freedom of media (article 14 and 54 of Polish constitution), which was pronounced in the sentence of the Tribunal in October 2006. Secondly, the article contains a polemic with the thesis. The article has been written with the object to describe all aspects of this legal problem. The author tries to find arguments for and against defamation crime in the context of freedom of speech. In the end, the author comes to the conclusion that defamation crime is discordant with freedom of speech and postulates to remove that crime from the Polish penal code.
10

CRIME STORY, NATIONAL LITERATURE AND EDUARD FIKER (ON SITUATION CONCERNING GENRE IN THE CZECH CULTURE OF THE 30-TIETH AND 40-TIETH IN THE 20TH CENTURY) (Czech title - below)

88%
Janacek P.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 5-6
438-450
EN
(Title in Czech - 'Detektivka, narodni literatura a Eduard Fiker (K situaci zanru v ceske kulture tricatych a ctyricatych let 20. stoleti)'). The first fifteen novels by Eduard Fiker, the author of detective and adventurous fictions, published between 1933 - 1936 contained stories from England, Africa and Northern America. His detective stories with Czech characters acting in the Czech environment appeared only in 1937. From the end of the 50-tieth of the 20th century in literary scholarly circle a legend has been known, according to it Fiker wrote in the beginning of the 30-tieth several novels so called 'Czech' (that means with the theme coming from the Czech environment). Publisher refused to publish those novels. They made him start his career as a writer by accomplishing novels based on non-Czech material - 'English' detective stories. The paper is an analysis of the mentioned legend in the context of contemporary Czech literary communication of the 20-tieth - 30-tieth. It results in opinion that with high probability the legend was created ex post. And it was constructed in the way that author had to respond private publishers, who because of their individual commercial interests restricted development of the national literature, its progress. The myths like that became in the period of Stalinism a part of socialist literary culture. View, on the reviews reflecting early Fiker's novels, shows different logical paradigms typical for the ideal of national literature in Czech culture in that time. Some of the reviewers (mainly those connected with the printed media of conservative political and cultural orientation) made objections that the first novels are not thematically originated in the Czech lands. They challenged him to receive romantically positivistic ideal of national literature. The others did not share that opinion and they did not see it as a problem or mistake that the novels are not from domestic environment. They found weaknesses of the novels mostly in the area of supranational aesthetics of the genre. There were two equally accepted ideals of the detective story in the half of the 30-tieth of the 20th c: nationally unique novels and those ones meeting internationally standards of quality. As the thesis of the study shows after the 1935 the two tracks option is replaced by the exclusiveness of the ideal of national literature. It is a result of the intimidation from the side of the Nazi Germany in the turn of the 30-tieth a 40-tieth. The process culminated in the second half of the 50-tieth after the period of Stalinism, in which the national component appears as the leading stimulus in the socialist literature being newly constructed. In more general ranks the story of early novels of Eduard Fiker is an illustration of transformation of the Czech literary culture in 1930 - 1960.
11

Violence and conflict management in the burghers' everyday life in the sixteenth century

88%
Szeghyova B.
Tortenelmi Szemle (Historical Review)
|
2004
|
vol. 46
|
issue 1/2
167-190
EN
The everyday life of the burghers in the sixteenth century was full of violence. Murder and robbery were common, many knights belonged to the robber knights (Raubritter). The study gives many examples of robbers executed at Besztercebánya, Kassa, Eperjes. Sexual violence and rape were common, too. Contemporary judges thought that a woman could become pregnant only if she enjoyed the violent act, therefore if a women became pregnant after the rape, it could not be called a real rape. The family of the raped women often forced the victims to marry the rapper. Even very young girls, still children, were raped and the rappers got away with relatively mild punishments. Ritual group raping committed by young boys was recorded at Kassa in 1579. Many women committed infanticide, they wanted to conceal their pregnancy and thus the illegitimate relationship. A special case is represented by the execution of the town executioner of Eperjes, he was beheaded by his 'colleague' from Locse because he tried to kill a local soldier while he was drunk.
12

JEWISH CRIME IN WARSAW AT THE TIME OF GREAT SEJM (Przestepczosc zydowska w Warszawie doby Sejmu Wielkiego)

88%
Majewski M.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2010
|
issue 2(234)
143-156
EN
In 1788, the Great Sejm went into session in Warsaw. The deputies arriving in the city were trailed by detachments of cooks, butlers, stable lads and servants of all ilk. In their wake came various vagrants and also Jews. All of them viewed the session of parliament as an opportunity to improve their fortunes. In addition, con artists and thieves also came to town. The late 18th century was also a period when, subject to meeting some conditions, the Jewish population could legally stay in Warsaw. Among the Jews, there were also some criminals. The author seeks to portray the Jewish underworld on the basis of testimony of the city's residents accused of various offences in the years 1788-1792.
13
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KRIMINALITA AKO MODALITA SOCIÁLNEHO KONANIA

88%
Lubelcová G.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2014
|
vol. 46
|
issue 2
167 – 193
EN
Knowledge on social causality of crime has become a key theoretical orientation in criminology. It is represented by an aetiological paradigm. Despite of long-time efforts of the criminological aetiological studies, criminology lacks coherent theoretical base to interpret social causal mechanisms. Over the last years we can identify some ways of knowledge integration, including increasing tendency to multilevel integration. The study presents and discusses some approaches to integration of sociological knowledge on social determination of crime acts. The contribution emphasizes model of social action as a base framework for explanation. However, classic sociological modes of interpretation of social action are reformulated in context of social and cultural changes of late modernity. We can observe a shift to significance of human agency. Social action is more motivated, more reflexive. Up to the author, the base for the conceptualisation of social determination of crime understands sociability and social responsibility in recent social conditions. Conceptual frame of sociability is considered to be a mechanism of social attachment of social actor. This mechanism has bi-directional dimensions: social inclusion (from the social actor to their social context) and social acceptation (from social context to the social actor).
14
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TEORIE SOCIÁLNÍ DEZORGANIZACE A JEJÍ VÝZNAM PRO VÝZKUM PROSTOROVÉ PODMÍNĚNOSTI KRIMINALITY

75%
Moravcová E.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2014
|
vol. 46
|
issue 5
534 – 553
EN
The research on the socio-spatial analysis of crime reaches deep into the past. However, one of the first major sociological theories that influenced the scientific field of criminology is the social disorganization theory of Shaw and McKay, who studied the impact of structural factors on neighbourhood crime in the Chicago metropolitan area. This article introduces the original concept of social disorganization theory, describes the reasons for its criticism in the 70´s and the causes of its subsequent resurgence during the 80´s. Attention is given to studies that used social disorganization theory as a starting point for the socio-spatial analysis of crime. The aim of the article is to trace how the concept of social disorganization was historically understood and operationalized within empirical research, and what data the authors used for this purpose.
15

UKRIŽOVANIE AKO ZLOČIN. K POETIKE PÔSTNYCH PIESNÍ JURAJA PAULÍNA BAJANA

75%
Štafurová K.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2016
|
vol. 63
|
issue 3
179 – 188
EN
The goal of the paper is to present the author´s strategy and try to decipher those of his poetic techniques that appear in the texts of the fasting worship songs of the Beckov and Skalica Slovak service books by Franciscan Juraj Pavlín Bajan. As for the proto-text, Gospel according to John is mainly used. In terms of subject, the fasting worship songs are related to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, which results in the motif of crucifixion as a crime in the manuscript service books in question. The crucifixion as a crime is of a dual form: Bajan frames the subject as two accusations, while he draws attention to two culprits in his songs. The framework of Bajan´s accusation is the cruel and great suffering of innocent Christ and identifying the culprit by whom the suffering was caused. In the first place Bajan depicts the biblical culprit. That is personalized in the characters of Christ´s contemporaries. The culprit is mainly represented by an angry Jew, who beats Christ mercilessly, kicks him and mocks him, et cetera. In the other case it is an updated culprit. Bajan´s updated culprit is personalized in the lyric self as well as the recipient of his text – the believers whom the text was written for. In his songs Bajan seeks support for his text in Gospel according to John. He does not only remain at the level of documentary, he updates the text and develops it. Using the images of Christ´s suffering from the Gospel he raises a question of guilt for that suffering and encourages the recipient of the text to contemplate the so called Easter events. The author´s intention is not to identify the culprit responsible for Christ´s suffering but to show God´s plan of salvation, and God´s love for human, which included the suffering.
16
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TEORETICKÉ VÝCHODISKÁ A EMPIRICKÉ POZNATKY O VZŤAHU NEZAMESTNANOSTI A KRIMINALITY A JEHO ŠPECIFIKÁ NA SLOVENSKU

75%
Michálek A.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2015
|
vol. 47
|
issue 2
171 – 190
EN
The article focuses on a theme that is complex in terms of data, methodology and argumentation. The principal aim is to provide relevant theoretical basis and empirical knowledge about the existence of relationship between unemployment and crime. Other equally important objective is the research and acquisition of knowledge about the above-mentioned relationship in Slovakia while the more detailed analysis of the relationship between unemployment and four selected kinds of crime was given special attention. Based on the knowledge drawn from existing literature and using the Spearman correlation coefficient, dependence between the above-mentioned two phenomena was studied. Regional data of the Crime Statistics in the Slovak Republic for 53 police wards obtained from the Ministry of Interior of the SR and the Regional data about unemployment of the Statistical Office of the SR were used in this analysis. Results of the carried out analysis contradict the hypothesis about any significant correlation between unemployment and the studied kinds of crime. The values of correlation coefficients in all cases pointed to a weak and in one case (violent crime) zero correlation. The results and knowledge about the ambivalent relationship between the studied phenomena indicate that in Slovakia the nature of theft or larceny is driven by greed rather than necessity. From the scientific point of view, the hypothesis about dependence between the studied phenomena that were analysed based on the regional data in Slovakia has not been confirmed. However, further study of the quoted relationships and analysis of longer time intervals and/or inclusion of other kinds of crime is necessary. It is also necessary to interpret the results in the framework of criminological, sociological, economic and other theories. From the point of view of applied sphere it is necessary to identify the common and specific feature and causes in regions that determine the level of crime. Research oriented in this way may provide the necessary information and knowledge for identification of crime determinants in Slovakia.
17
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(NE)BEZPEČNÍ ROMOVÉ? ANALÝZA VÝZNAMU BEZPEČNOSTI VE VZTAHU K ROMŮM VE VLÁDNÍCH DOKUMENTECH ČESKÉ A SLOVENSKÉ REPUBLIKY

75%
Walach V.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2016
|
vol. 48
|
issue 2
172 – 191
EN
The present paper engages with the semantic relationship between security and Roma in the context of Central European liberal democracies. On the basis of comparative analysis of Czech and Slovak strategic documents, it is pointed out that an ambivalent construction of the (in)security of Roma occurs. The Roma are seen both as threatened and threatening. Whether it is done directly or via the production of specific categories such as the "socially inadaptable", this presents a challenge for liberal governance. In conclusion, this illiberal tendency is identified with the phenomenon of "reasonable anti-Gypsyism", and policy suggestions are drawn up.
18

ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE HUNGARIAN CONSTITUTIONAL STATE BASED ON THE RULE OF LAW (A magyar alkotmanyos jogallam fejlesztesi lehetosegeirol)

63%
Adam A.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2009
|
vol. 27
|
issue 4
423-439
EN
After paying homage to the activities of Ordinary Member Kalman Kulcsar, former Minister of Justice and Ambassador to Canada, author of the paper in the field of developing science and organising the state, this paper outlines the role, contents and set of instruments by which the Hungarian constitutional state, based on the rule of law can serve sustainable development amidst the processes of our age. The author words several recommendations in the interest of further developing the constitutional framework for qualifying new basic principles, human and civic basic rights, prohibitions and obligations as constitutional values and of developing the organisation of the Hungarian state and its operational order.
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