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THE CONFIRMATION OF THE STARTING POINTS (THE OPINIONS OF S. H. VAJANSKY ON CULTURE, ARTS AND LITERATURE DURING 1882 -1890)

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Taranenkova I.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

2006

vol. 53

issue 2

110-129

The study continues in research of literary aesthetic opinions of S. H. Vajanský in the context of cultural conception. In the aesthetic starting points of Vajanský's conception a significant role was played by classicizing ideal, characterised by 'simplicity', 'adequacy', harmony and also by avoiding of extremes. Another important effect had also Hegelian aesthetics making its part on forming Vajanský's opinions on phenomenon of 'everyday course of life', trivial as an object of an artistic activity. Vajanský inclines to a model of art denoting a limited meaning and is disposed towards connection with an ideology. This connection is inseparable - it is obvious that the idea, which is demanded in the Vajanský as an aesthetics, is strictly defined by Vajanský - as ideologue. Art is not true by concurrence with reality, imitation of it, but by making the only truth present, that means the idea: in this case the idea of 'ourness', nationality, which reveals the substance of 'ideal realism' of Svetozár Hurban Vajanský. Art and literature operates in his conception, which is with no doubts a part of nationalistic cultural model, as means of cultural legitimisation being involved in creating, confirming and representation of national identity. This function of literature and art, in which pathos of nationalistically reviving process occurs, as well as Vajanský's religiosity, are resources of his demand on ethic measure of literature. In his articles published in this period Vajanský continues in reconstruction of the history of Slovak culture, the substance of it is 'ourness' - an abstract principal of collective self-identification, which is not only an act of renewing of the cultural memory - through confirmation of its continuity, stating its perspectives. It shows also a strong ambition to present it as a whole, that means that his conception tends to creating a cultural model which on a certain level of cultural development provides its unity and arrangement. In addition to his program texts Vajanský made and presented cultural and aesthetic conception during the 80th of the 19th century, which without any significant changes in the period of 90th of the 19th century up to the beginning of the 20th century became a foundation for his confrontations not only with the modernistic trends but generally with phenomena which seemed to him 'destruction of unity'.

ESTABLISHING A CONCEPTION:1879-1881 (ABOUT LITERARY AESTETIC OPINIONS OF SVETOZAR HURBAN VAJANSKY)

86%

Taranenkova-Liptakova I.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

2006

vol. 53

issue 1

24-48

The study is a part of a research which through an analysis of Svetozár Hurban Vajanský's texts about culture, arts and literature published from 1879 to 1916 mostly in the 'Národné noviny' (The National Newspaper) and 'Slovenské pohlady' (The Slovak Views) tends to reconstruct the conception which stood behind the scene, stressing an organic unity of its elements - opinions of the nation, culture, or aesthetic opinions. The ideology of nationalism seems to be an important ideological platform. Summing up literary reception of the work as well as Vajanský's literary aesthetic opinions we are focused predominantly on the so called 'program' texts , that means articles and essays from the period of 1879 - 1881. In those texts he attempted to formulate a program for a new literary generation and he also set fundamental theses of his conception. More than a generational gesture of making a distance from the tradition of Slovak Romanticism - that was a common interpretation of these texts by the Slovak literary historiography - we stress different forms of Vajanský's relation to it. We explicate these texts embodying an 'initiator's gesture' of S. H. Vajanský towards stagnated contemporary literature as an attempt to fulfil a 'cultural task' (T. Walas) given by the Romantic nationally reviving generation to establish the national culture as a culture highly legitimated and representing Slovak nation in the European context. Evoking and persistent confirming already existing tradition is typical for Vajanský's conception. Any radical revaluation of the historical values should have damaged identity of a newly creating Slovak culture. That is why new solutions, with which Vajanský comes to lead out the Slovak literature from stagnation and isolation, leaving the traditional pattern. The connection between the 'initiator's gesture' and Vajanský's tradition of Slovak Romanticism does not prove only rhetoric and processes of myths creation referred to the ideology of nationalism, but also metaphoric model of thinking, by which O. Cepan characterised an approach of Romanticism towards reality, and mainly 'belonging to our people' - an abstract principle of collective self-identification expressing its cultural specific character, which comes out from Herder and Hegel philosophy. This central principle of Vajanský's conception in the context of his opinions of literature and arts significantly determine tendency to establish heteronymous model of arts. In terms of two basic European aesthetic systems he inclined more to Hegel's aesthetic. Significant role plays his national and cultural conception based on stratification of Slovak ethnic in two levels - 'people' functioning as conservators of the national identity and then nationally representative level.

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2 Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

2 2006

1 Taranenkova I.

1 Taranenkova-Liptakova I.

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THE CONFIRMATION OF THE STARTING POINTS (THE OPINIONS OF S. H. VAJANSKY ON CULTURE, ARTS AND LITERATURE DURING 1882 -1890)

ESTABLISHING A CONCEPTION:1879-1881 (ABOUT LITERARY AESTETIC OPINIONS OF SVETOZAR HURBAN VAJANSKY)