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Nenaplněný příslib sociologické teorie: vzestup a pád americké sociologie ve druhé polovině dvacátého století

100%
Balon J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 5
943-968
EN
This article traces the development of American sociology in the second half of the twentieth century in relation to the project to advance the shared disciplinary foundations. The author reconsiders the prominent role of sociological theory in this process and devotes special attention to current criticism of any project designed to found sociology on a unified theory. Between 1945 and 1970, a period often described retrospectively as the 'Golden Age' of sociology, scientists heralded the coming of the era of sociological thinking, a view supported by the unprecedented institutional expansion of the field. However, enthusiasm over the potential growth of the field was in the ensuing period replaced with an escalating sense of dissatisfaction with the absence or unsatisfactory nature of the general vision of development. The idea of unified sociological theory was attacked and the field became more and more contested, fragmented, and compartmentalised. The article analyses the disintegrating impact that the inability to push through the promised programme of unification of the field had. The account of the development of American sociology is tied in with an argument about the conditions for sociological theory today.
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Jak sociologie přichází o společnost

86%
Keller J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 5
989-1007
EN
The article analyses the development and the current situation in sociology in relation to the transformations that contemporary society is going through. The author explores some basic sociological questions in an examination of the character of institutions and forms of social stratification, showing how deeply these questions are connected with the character of 'organised modernity'. He analyses the transformations of society since the 1970s and studies the concepts connected with the increase in insecurity and the decline in trust within society. In this context he analyses the concepts of social capital, networks, and trust. He shows that these concepts are incapable of establishing a link between the actors and the system as a whole. A sociology that dismisses society from the sets of strategies of individual action only contributes to the general trend of privatising the public sphere for the benefit of private interests.
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