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Taming transgression. Literary representations of Cain

100%
Gajewski K.
Nauka
|
2017
|
issue 2
PL
The aim of this article is to analyze and interpret way in which a topos of Cain was evoked in literary works and other texts of culture in the light of the concept of transgression. An approach adapted in analysis will be inspired by comparative hermeneutics, yet not only literary contexts will be taken into consideration, but also religious, philosophical, and scientific ones. In the very structure of the topos one can discern a series of binary oppositions, which become valuated in various ways in different historical contexts. It is above all the opposition between destructive and constructive component of the theme. Interpretations of the topos in the works of George Byron, Władysław Orkan, and Jerzy Andrzejewski are discussed deeper. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in the historical development of a significant change in its valuation is taking place. Regarded as a symbol of evil in the Middle Ages, it is ennobled as a patron of rebels, reformers and creators in the twentieth century.
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Strategia grzechu według Rdz 4,6-7

100%
Wilk J.
Studia Pastoralne
|
2014
|
vol. 10
192-199
EN
This article, analysing the Book of Genesis 4:6-7, describes the process of growth of the human weakness to sin. Earlier, objectionable behaviour prepares the ground for temptation to heavy sin. It is a process that takes on its intensity and strength and which gradually shows the Man the way to evil. Sin, and more precisely the temptation to sin is patient and as in the description of conversation between God and Cain, it stands by the door to person’s heart (will). In attribution of Man is the decision of opening the door (acceptance on evil). The text Gen 4:6-7 that can be an (later?) attempt to solve this tragic ending of the story about Cain and Abel (Gen 4:1-16), was given to a contextual analysis. Next, there was made a syntactic and semantic study over the formula, being the example of connecting the grammatical anomaly with an unusual as for the Old Testament terminology. The last part of the article is the discussion the theological and psychological meaning of Gen 4:6-7.
3
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„Cień Kaina”. Temat wojny w wypowiedziach papieża Franciszka

100%
Okupnik M.
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
|
2022
|
vol. 54
151-167
EN
Christians feel that they should not be indifferent to war, and that it is their duty to react to harm, particularly done to civilians. Catholics expect their greatest authority, the Pope, to have a firm say about war and peace. May people, however, have had the impression that Pope Francis is erratic and assesses the situation in a wrong way. Although he follows the beaten track paved by the Church’s social science and Vatican diplomacy, some of his statements (and things left unsaid) caused and still are causing controversy. The article attempts at understanding the position of Pope Francis. It analyses his utterances regarding war, taken from sources such as the book titled Against War, speeches and social media (Twitter).
4
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Grzech Kaina w ocenie Ojców Kościoła

72%
Czyżewski B.
Vox Patrum
|
2015
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vol. 64
105-118
EN
Fathers of the Church have left comments on Genesis as well as other works, which explain not only the biblical descriptions of the origins of the world and man, but also Gen 4: 1-16, where it speaks of the sin of Cain. In this paper we pre­sent an assessment of the sin of Cain made by some of the Fathers of the Church. It should be noted that they do not stop only on the sin of fratricide, although condemn it the most, but focus their attention also on other sins of Cain, which preceded and led to the killing of Abel by his jealousy, anger, evil thoughts, insin­cerity. Fathers of the Church recognize the individual and social character of the sins of Cain, which manifests itself in leaving his from God and separation from relatives. This resulted in a permanent division of the family. Fathers also point to the mercy of God and a willingness to forgive. Commentators of Gen 4:1-16 biblical text, however, do not see in Cain repent for any sin committed by him.
5
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Imaging Evil in the First Chapters of Genesis: Texts behind the Images in Eastern Orthodox Art

72%
Kuyumdzhieva M.
Studia Ceranea
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2016
|
vol. 6
377-396
EN
Satan’s interference in the events described in the first chapters of the book of Genesis and in the life of the protoplasts is not mentioned at all in the biblical text. This happens, however, in pseudo-canonical texts. The article is a short survey on the apocryphal accounts that mention Satan and their influence on art. The main focus is put on the inclusion of the image of Satan behind Cain’s figure in a number of depictions of the scene The Murder of Abel in the Russian art of the 16th and 17th centuries. The possible links between this visual motif with several literary sources is examined, among them the Short and the Explanatory Palaea, the Tale of Bygone Years (Povest’ vremennykh let or Primary Chronicle), Russian recensions of the apocryphon The Sea of Tiberias, and of The Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius of Patara. In addition, some instances of the same visual decision in Balkan art are pointed out and their connection to Russian models is underlined.
6
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Ein Beitrag zur Problematik der Übersetzung des Wortes מִנְחָה in Gen 4,3–5a

61%
Dzikiewicz D.
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
|
2020
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issue 37
7-22
PL
Artykuł zajmuje się problemem tłumaczenia hebrajskiego słowa מִנְחָה w perykopie Rdz 4, 3–5a. Istnieją trzy podstawowe kierunki translatorskie omawianego terminu: sakralne (np. ofiara), świeckie (np. prezent, dar) i świecko-sakralne (np. dar ofiarny). Obecne opracowanie, opierając się zasadniczo na argumencie pochodzącym z wersetu Hbr 11,4, popiera to ostatnie ukierunkowanie
DE
At the end of 2016, a revised edition of the Catholic Bible translation (Einheitsübersetzung) was published. One of the many corrections introduced referred to the word מִנְחָה in Gen 4,3–5a. It was translated as “a gift” (Gabe). The previous translation (1980) read this word as “a sacrifice” (Opfer). This article examines the validity of a given correction, proposing to combine both translation traditions into one as “a sacrificial gift” (Opfergabe).
7
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Cain’s rhetorical artfulness: Erasmus’ Biblical spoof

58%
Ryczek W., Ryczek W.
Ruch Literacki
|
2018
|
issue 5
8
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Morderczy gniew. Intertekstualna lektura Mt 5,21-22

58%
Kubiś A.
Verbum Vitae
|
2018
|
vol. 34
249-287
EN
The article opens with a discussion of the originality of the adverb εἰκῇ (“without cause”) in Mt 5:22a, and the question of whether Jesus prohibits all anger or only unjustified anger. The main body of the article, however, examines to what degree Jesus’ teaching on homicidal anger should be viewed as innovative or even radical. This analysis is accomplished by looking at a wide range of intertextual connections between the Matthean idea of homicidal anger, as expressed in Mt 5:21-22, and various Old Testament and extra-biblical ancient Jewish texts. Jesus’ teaching does not in fact differ appreciably from biblical teaching on the issue, especially that found in wisdom literature. Peri-testamental and rabbinic literature likewise contain a number of more or less exact parallels to Mt 5:21-22. Taken together, these all help us establish the correct meaning of Mt 5:21-22. Nevertheless, there is an undeniable originality in the sharp and legalistic overtone of the Matthean formulation, specifically the idea of anger as a cause of murder. Moreover, the targumic reading of Gen 9:6 helps clarify the semantic field of κρίσις in Mt 5:22, which should be understood as divine punishment of any anger.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest ukazanie oryginalności nauczania Jezusa na temat gniewu prowadzącego do śmierci, zdefiniowanego w Mt 5,21-22. Artykuł otwiera dyskusja na temat autentyczności obecności przysłówka εἰκῇ („bez przyczyny”) w Mt 5,22, rzutująca na odpowiedź na pytanie czy Jezus potępia każdy rodzaj gniewu czy tylko gniew nieusprawiedliwiony. W celu odkrycia oryginalności oraz znaczenia Jezusowego nauczania na temat gniewu w Mt 5,21-22 zaprezentowano wiele tekstów starotestamentowych oraz tekstów zaczerpniętych ze starożytnej żydowskiej literatury pozabiblijnej. Idea gniewu prowadzącego do śmierci obecna jest już w ST, zwłaszcza w literaturze mądrościowej. Wskazać można również wiele paralel w literaturze peritestamentalnej oraz rabinackiej. Niemniej jednak kategoryczno-legalistyczna forma wypowiedzi Jezusa nosi znamiona oryginalności. Targumincza lektura Rdz 9,6 pomaga także zdefiniować pole semantyczne terminu κρίσις w Mt 5,22 jako Bożego sądu dotykającego wszystkich unoszących się gniewem.
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