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This paper analyses Hermann Hesse’s novel Demian in the context of Jungian psychological archetypes. Hesse’s in-depth interest in psychoanalysis is evident in his works. The content of Demian was particularly influenced by Carl Jung’s psychoanalytic concepts since the author had undergone Jungian psychoanalytic treatment prior to writing the novel. The paper claims that most major characters in Demian are in fact personifications of Jungian archetypes of: self, shadow, and anima. It is indicated that it would be impossible to understand the novel properly without basic knowledge of these archetypes. It is demonstrated that Demian is in fact a novel dealing with the inner psychological development of an individual even though it may not appear so if the characters and events are interpreted literally.
EN
In response to the rise of conservative women, the author engaged in a long and meaningful Socratic dialogue with two self-identified conservative women. The paper describes the conversation (approved by participants), then analyzes it according to various political trends, Jungian and other psychological theories, the author’s dialecti- cal teaching methodology, the value of a traditional liberal arts education and the failure of the intellectual elite in the past 50 years to create and sustain meaningful friendships with fellow citizens from all social sectors and educational levels. Athenian democracy also degenerated into authoritarianism because of the professional elite’s corruption and/or detachment.
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