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The Causes of the Crisis of Rhetoric and Its Role in Social Discourse. In Terms of Chaim Perelman

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Kiereś-Łach J.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2020

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vol. 9

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issue 2

267-285

EN

This article is an attempt to answer the question about the causes of the rhetoric crisis and its role in social discourse. The theoretical basis of these considerations and their reference point is the concept of new rhetoric in terms of the contemporary rhetoric and argumentation theorist Chaim Perelman. The first part briefly describes contemporary cultural discourse that takes place in a democratized society in the era of so-called new media. It indicates that inquiry into rhetoric (which started in antiquity) is also inquiry into universal criteria for cultural discourse, as well as the timeless and supra-cultural norms and principles that regulate this discourse (taking into account ongoing social and cultural changes). The second part of the article refers directly to the position of Chaim Perelman on the crisis of rhetoric. Perelman saw the main reason for this crisis in the separation of rhetoric from philosophy. The third part characterizes the new rhetoric in terms of its novelty and timeliness, as well as its reference to classical (Aristotelian) rhetoric. The fourth part points to the application of the concept of new rhetoric in cultural discourse. It discusses Perelman’s concept of universal audience, as well as the problem of concrete and abstract values, the understanding of which by the members of a given audience does or does not enable the communication (consensus) between each other. The end of the article briefly assesses Perelman’s contribution to understanding rhetoric and his role in restoring rhetoric to its rightful place in social discourse.

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Between medicine and rhetoric: therapeutic arguments in Roman Stoicism

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Łapiński K.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 1

11-24

EN

In this paper, I intend to focus on some rhetorical strategies of argumentation which play crucial role in the therapeutic discourse of Roman Stoicism, namely in Musonius Rufus, Epictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius. Reference is made to Chaim Perelman’s view of ancient rhetoric as an art of inventing arguments. Moreover, it is pointed out that in rhetorical education (cf. Cicero, Ad Herennium, Quintilian, etc.) as well as in therapeutic discourse the concept of “exercise” and constant practice play a crucial role.

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Wpływ koncepcji sprawiedliwości Chaima Perelmana na dokonywane dzisiaj rozstrzygnięcia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

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Śmieja P. S.

Zeszyty Naukowe KUL

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2020

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vol. 63

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issue 1

103-119

EN

The article discusses Chaim Perelman’s conception of justice proposed in 1945. His concept is a continuation of Aristotle’s and St. Thomas Aquinas’s views, however, it rejects emotional load and formulates a theory through six keyword terms instead. The core foundation of using proposed formulas is the order to treat people that belong to the same social category equally, and this warrant is crucial to act rightly. The article includes thoughts on who, to whom and in which way should distribute what is someone’s due. Perelman notices that using these formulas is relative and mathematically impossible, what leads him to the conclusion that the final decision should depend on the judge’s righteousness. There is a risk of applying justice in such a form as it consists of subjective perception of reality that creates room for manipulation.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy koncepcji sprawiedliwości zaproponowanej przez Chaima Perelmana w 1945 roku, stanowiącej kontynuację poglądów Arystotelesa oraz św. Tomasza z Akwinu, jednak pozbawionej ładunku emocjonalnego, który niesie za sobą to pojęcie. Perelman ujmuje swoją tezę w sześć hasłowych formuł sprawiedliwości. Podstawą korzystania z zaproponowanych formuł jest nakaz, mający urzeczywistnić czyn sprawiedliwy, tj. prawidło postulujące jednakowe traktowanie osoby należące do tej samej kategorii istotnej. Autor uwzględnia również rozważania dotyczące tego kto, komu i w jaki sposób ma rozdzielać to, co należne. Perelman zauważa, że stosowanie formuł jest względne i niemożliwe na sposób matematyczny, co prowadzi do wniosku, że rozstrzygnięcie wydawanej decyzji należy pozostawić prawości sędziego. Niebezpieczeństwo stosowania sprawiedliwości w tej formie polega na subiektywnym postrzeganiu rzeczywistości, a przez to na możliwości manipulacji formułami przy ich używaniu.

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1 ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

1 Studia Gilsoniana

1 Zeszyty Naukowe KUL

2 2020

1 2019

1 Kiereś-Łach J.

1 Łapiński K.

1 Śmieja P. S.

The Causes of the Crisis of Rhetoric and Its Role in Social Discourse. In Terms of Chaim Perelman

Between medicine and rhetoric: therapeutic arguments in Roman Stoicism

Wpływ koncepcji sprawiedliwości Chaima Perelmana na dokonywane dzisiaj rozstrzygnięcia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego