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1
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Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 5/14

100%
Iwański M.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2015
|
issue 4(48)
253-287
EN
In the proposed draft position the author claims that the challenged provisions do not exclude the possibility of participating in the meeting of the appellate court. However, admitting the possibility of limiting the participation of the accused, or his counsel, in such meetings of appellate court, they affect the scope of use of that right. This matter affects both the right of the defense in both the material sense (attending the meeting) and the formal one (limitations on actions of the defender). One should recognize that the provisions at issue, as far as they do not guarantee the accused or his counsel the right to participate in the meeting of the court hearing the interlocutory appeal against the ruling on the application, repeal or change of preventive measures other than pre-trial detention and property collateral, is incompatible with the provisions of the Constitution. According to the author, it is also reasonable to apply for discontinuance of the proceedings in relation to the remaining scope of the application due to the inadmissibility of rendering the judgment.
2
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Ustanowienie pomocy prawnej dla zatrzymanego – analiza projektowanych zmian Kodeksu postępowania karnego

100%
Podraza-Majewska N.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 3(79)
149-158
EN
The analyzed bill provides that an ex officio lawyer should be appointed to a detainee before procedural steps are taken if the detainee wishes to exercise the right to make contact with him or if procedural steps are to be performed with his participation – and there is no lawyer appointed by choice. The author emphasizes that the disposer of the realisation of the right to defence is the detainee, and within the scope of this right he can decide whether or not to exercise the right to legal assistance. The proposed regulation partially introduces a de facto mandatory defence, disregarding the will of the detainee himself, which does not seem to have been the intention of the sponsor of the bill.
3
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Instytucja tzw. zgody następczej po nowelizacji z 11 marca 2016 r. w świetle standardów konstytucyjnych i konwencyjnych

87%
Daniluk P.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2017
|
issue 3 (211)
81-100
PL
The Act of 11 March 2016 amending the Code of Criminal Procedure and some other acts (Official Journal of Laws, item 437 as amended) introduced to the system of law Article 168b of the Code of Criminal Procedure and changed Article 237a of the Code of Criminal Procedure. These rules regulate the institution of the so-called ex post facto consent. The following paper analyzes Article 168b and Article 237a of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the light of standards stemming from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. This analysis first of all revealed that there are serious doubts as to the compatibility of Article 168b and Article 237a of the Code of Criminal Procedure with Article 47, Article 49, Article 51 (2) in conjunction with Article 31 (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
4

Właściwość sądów w sprawach karnych w Polsce w latach 1928–1939

80%
Koredczuk J.
Prawo
|
2013
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issue 315/2
139 - 159
EN
The Code of Criminal Procedure of 1928 provided three types of jurisdiction: material, topical and functional. In general, legal solutions adopted in the Code including provisions on material jurisdiction should be viewed positively. The regulations covered all the cases the Polish courts could hypothetically come across in practice, procedurally solving many issues connected with it. The most important cases included: the invalidity of judgments issued by the improper court, the jurisdiction of the magistrates courts, the determination of the topical jurisdiction of the courts, the aggregate consideration of cases, and resolving conflicts of jurisdiction between common and military courts. Few of their infirmities were cured either by amending the Code, or through judicial decisions (especially the Supreme Court). The functioning of the rules on jurisdiction contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, was closely linked with the provisions of the Criminal Code of 1932 and the Law on Courts of 1928. In total, they were one of the best parts of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1928, contributing to quite efficient — in the years 1918–1939 — course of proceedings and functioning of justice in criminal cases.
5
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Opinia prawna na temat wymogów formalnych, które spełniać powinien akt oskarżenia przed Trybunałem Stanu

80%
Odrowąż-Sypniewski W.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2015
|
issue 4(48)
60-66
EN
Formal requirements, which must be met by the resolution of the Sejm on constitutional accountability of the persons referred to in Article 1, para. 1, subparas 2–7 of the Act on the Tribunal of State, must be reconstructed under the provisions of that Act, as well as the Code of Criminal Procedure which is applicable – as appropriate – in the proceedings before the State Tribunal and the Committee on Constitutional Accountability, unless specified otherwise in the Act. The resolution of the Sejm to hold a person constitutionally accountable and the accompanying resolution of the Constitutional Accountability Committee should meet the requirements for an indictment, resulting from the Code of Criminal Procedure, which regulates the matter of the indictment.
6
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Kontakt zatrzymanego z pełnomocnikiem (art. 245 § 1 Kodeksu postępowania karnego)

80%
Bachmat P.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2017
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issue 4(56)
99-114
EN
The subject of the assessment is a petition requesting the change of Article 245 § 1 of CCP by indicating a method of contact of a detainee with an advocate or a legal advisor. The petitioner suggests that the code should state that the contact can also be made by means of remote communication, including telephone or electronic means of communication. In the opinion of the author, the submitted proposal to supplement the article will not change the current normative scope of this regulation. Consequently, it will not improve the legal situation of the detainee.
7
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania karnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw zgodnie z wymogami prawa Unii Europejskiej

80%
Łacny J.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2019
|
issue 3(63)
70-77
EN
The draftsman of the bill assumes that provisions of the bill will reduce unnecessary procedural formalism, introduce facilitations for participants in criminal proceedings, prevent obstruction by parties of proceedings and, to a greater extent, protect the public interest in such proceedings. The bill includes regulations covered by the scope of three EP and Council directives. The deadlines for implementing the directives have passed in recent years. Provisions of the bill do not go beyond the minimum standard laid down in the directives in question. It is doubtful, whether the project fully meets the guarantee requirements of the directives. These issues should be further examined.
8
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Społeczny oraz prawny obowiązek zawiadomienia o przestępstwie ściganym z urzędu

80%
Podraza N.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2020
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issue 4(68)
203-211
EN
Pursuant to the Code of Penal Procedure, any person, upon having learned about the commission of a crime prosecuted ex officio, bears a social obligation to notify a Public Prosecutor or the Police about it. In case of certain crimes that social obligation is transformed into a legal one concerning an immediate notification to law enforcement authorities about the commission, attempt or preparation of any of these crimes. Failure to fulfil the legal obligation to notify law enforcement authorities shall result in committing a crime punishable by up to 3 years’ imprisonment.
9
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Ocena propozycji nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego i Kodeksu postępowania karnego

80%
Podraza-Majewska N.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2022
|
issue 4(76)
125-148
EN
The author assesses a draft amendment, which, in the opinion of its sponsor, assumes an improvement of the substantive and legislative level of the legal acts in question. In the view of the author of the opinion, some of the proposed amendments to the Criminal Code raise doubts and may cause a limitation of the hitherto judicial discretion and penal reaction of the court. Amendments to the statutory definitions set forth in the Criminal Code may also translate into depenalization of certain types of criminal offences. With regard to the amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure, the author assesses that allowing the appointment of a court-appointed attorney in the application of consensual procedures may improve the actions undertaken in consensual proceedings and ensure that the interests of the suspect are properly represented.
10
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Model postępowania przygotowawczego w projekcie noweli Kodeksu postępowania karnego Klubu Poselskiego Ruch Palikota

80%
Skorupka J.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2013
|
issue 3(39)
11-23
EN
The subject of the analysis is to examine the proposal for adoption of the institution of investigating judge which would be the judicial authority for the review of the legality of the functioning of prosecutor’s office and the Police in the preparatory stage and responsible for consolidating evidence for the court. The author makes remarks of historical nature and provides a comparative‑law survey on the functioning of investigative judges. The proposed solution is an alternative to a model in which the court (in a one‑judge bench) makes certain procedural decisions in the preparatory proceedings and examines complaints against decisions and other actions carried out by a public prosecutor, or other prosecuting authority, and also implements other actions in relation to evidence at this stage of proceedings. The author is positive about the proposal. His opinion is justified by the following arguments: the extension of the scope of tasks of the court in the preparatory proceedings as compared to those currently existing, stressing the status of judicial review of preparatory proceedings, providing a reliable and critical control of preparatory proceedings, as well as guaranteeing the pursuit of lawful investi gation by a judge responsible for the preparatory proceedings.
11
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Opinia prawna na temat projektu o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania karnego i ustawy – Kodeks postępowania w sprawach o wykroczenia

80%
Sakowicz A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2014
|
issue 1(41)
264-270
EN
The opinion deals with the proposed amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Code of Procedure in Cases of Misdemeanour, which relate to the right of a party who is not the defendant (e.g. the injured party and subsidiary prosecutor) to appoint a representative. According to the bill, such a representative would be, not only barrister or solicitor, but also a person closest to the party. According to the author, participation of a non‑professional representative in penal process would lead to a risk that he/she would undertake legal actions to the detriment of the principal and that he/she would guided by loyalty to the principal, rather than by knowledge of law. He also notes that information disclosed to a non‑professional representative would not be protected by solicitor‑client privilege.
12
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Poręczenie indywidualne posła, jako osoby godnej zaufania, w toku postępowania karnego (art. 272 Kodeksu postępowania karnego)

80%
Podraza N.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 2(70)
253-262
EN
The author of the opinion indicates that individual guarantee is a non-custodial preventive measure used in the course of criminal proceedings and a trustworthy person is a person who is trustworthy – who guarantees the fulfilment of the obligations imposed on him/her in the bail decision, as well as ensures the fulfilment of procedural obligations imposed on the defendant. The doctrine of criminal procedure indicates that persons who hold functions obtained by direct election, i.e., for example, deputies, senators, or mayors of cities, may become trustworthy persons.
13
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Protokół oględzin i otwarcia zwłok

80%
Podraza-Majewska N.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2021
|
issue 4(72)
137-145
EN
A protocol on corpse inspection and autopsy is prepared and signed by all persons participating in these activities. The lack of a signature can be supplemented after performing the corpse inspection and autopsy. The refusal to sign should be recorded in the protocol. The lack of a signature or such an annotation makes it inadmissible to refer to the protocol in a criminal trial.
14

Z problematyki obrony obligatoryjnej w świetle nowelizacji kodeksu karnego wykonawczego z dnia 16 września 2011 r.

70%
Chabier P.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2012
|
vol. 28
173-185
EN
The aim of the present article was to search for the answer: why did the legislator only on 16 September 2011 incorporate the changes into the Executive Criminal Code regarding the indications for receiving mandatory defence. The author also sought the occasion to discuss the questions arising from such measure: to what extent do the norms providing for the obligation of defence in the Executive Criminal Code commeasure with the norms included in the Code of Criminal Procedure, what kind of standards for mandatory defence are already set, i.e. by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland case law, what are the conditions for mandatory defence in executive procedure, or what arethe limits towards the right to choose defence counsel. The results of the analysis — in the matter suggested in this article — became the basis for formulating the conclusion that one of the most important issues of mandatory defence is that the incorporated changes opened a wide range of new possibilities both to a judge and a convict. Nonetheless, the prospects of those changes are truly luminous.
15

W kwestii kolizji art. 180 § 2 kodeksu postępowania karnego i art. 6 Prawa o adwokaturze

61%
Mądrecka E.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2012
|
vol. 28
147-160
EN
The article analyzes legal professional privilege in the light of provisions of the Advocate’s Profession Act, the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Code of Professional Ethics and Conduct for Advocates. The author raises the question of conflict between Art. 180 § 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which regulates the advocate’s testimonial privilege and its possible waiver by court’s decision, and Art. 6 of the Advocate’s Profession Act, which treats advocate’s privilege as an absolute rule. The article also comments on the views presented in the doctrine and in judicial decisions. In addition, the author provides an interpretation of the legal regulations/norms and discusses the conflict of legal rules between these regulations. For the purpose of comparison, the article also reviews the situation of advocate–witness in civil and administrative procedures. The legal analysis concludes with proposals de lege ferenda.
16
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Dopuszczalność dowodów – wniosek Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich (sygn. akt K 27/16) dotyczący ustawy – Kodeks postępowania karnego

51%
Pogłódek A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 1(57)
227-268
EN
The object of the Constitutional Tribunal’s review is Article 168a of the Code indicating the reasons of inadmissibility of evidence. The draft Sejm’s position contains a conclusion that the above provision is consistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The applicant (the Commissioner for Citizens’ Rights) claims that the challenged provision expresses an absolute obligation to include any evidence in the Polish criminal trial, regardless of how it was collected, including evidence obtained in violation of the prohibitions on collecting evidence. In the justification of the Sejm’s draft position it was stated that the purpose of the amendment was to ensure that the offender would be held criminally responsible and that any innocent person would be released from this liability in any situation where material evidence could be subject to exclusion only due to a defect in the procedure for obtaining it.
17
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Podmioty wydające opinie z wykorzystaniem wiadomości specjalnych w prawie polskim

51%
Pachnik K.
Problemy Kryminalistyki
|
2015
|
issue 290
3-13, 65-74
PL
W prawie polskim dopuszczono możliwość zasięgnięcia opinii biegłych, innych osób mających wiadomości specjalne oraz wyspecjalizowanych instytucji, a także przewidziano możliwość zlecenia niektórych czynności specjalistom. Są to odmienne instytucje procesowe, o różnych kompetencjach i wymaganych kwalifikacjach oraz różnych uprawnieniach. Poprawne scharakteryzowanie roli tych podmiotów oraz wymagań, jakie się im stawia, pozwala na ocenę wartości dowodowej sporządzanej opinii czy czynności z ich udziałem. W pracy omówiono wymagania, jakie powinny spełniać podmioty wydające opinie oraz działające jako specjaliści. Wskazano też, jakie są kryteria oceny efektów pracy wymienionych podmiotów.
EN
Allowed under Polish law is the opportunity to consult experts and other persons or specialized institutions having special knowledge, as well as provides the possibility of outsourcing certain tasks to specialists. These are the different procedural institutions, with different competence and required skills as well as various privileges. The correct characterization of the role of these entities and requirements, which they pursue, allows the assessment of the probative value of opinions or activities involving them. The work discusses the requirements to be fulfilled by bodies issuing opinions and acting as specialists. The criteria for evaluating the effects of the work of these entities is also indicated.
18
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O przesłuchaniu pokrzywdzonych przestępstwami z art. 197–199 k.k. Studium z zakresu stosowania prawa

41%
Tkacz S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
|
2018
|
vol. 85
91-100
EN
The subject matter of the considerations is the issue of the application of art. 185c § 2 of the [Polish] penal procedure code, according to which people harmed by offences under art. 197–199 p.c. are interrogated as witnesses at a court session. This provision introduces a special mode of interrogation of a victim witness while conducting proceedings in cases involving sexual offences. The intention of the legislator is to guarantee the victims of these crimes a higher standard of protection. In the course of the conducted analyses, the findings made by the Commissioner for Citizens’ Rights in the course of the proceedings were presented, aiming at determining how the legislator’s objectives are implemented in practice. It has been noticed that often several dozen days pass between the notification of a crime and the questioning of the victim. As a result, the intention of the legislator cannot be implemented. The undertaken analyses were concluded with a theoretical reflection on the effectiveness of legal provisions. In conclusion, it was pointed out that effectiveness requires, in particular, taking into account the relationship between the behavior of recipients and the goals assumed by the legislator.
PL
Przedmiot podjętych rozważań stanowi problematyka stosowania art. 185c § 2 k.p.k., zgodnie z którym osoby pokrzywdzone przestępstwami z art. 197–199 k.k. przesłuchiwane są w charakterze świadków na posiedzeniu sądowym. Przepis ten wprowadza szczególny tryb przesłuchania świadka pokrzywdzonego przy prowadzeniu postępowań w sprawach o przestępstwa seksualne. Intencją prawodawcy jest zagwarantowanie ofiarom tych przestępstw wyższego standardu ochrony. W wyniku analiz przedstawiono ustalenia poczynione przez Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich w ramach postępowania mającego określić, w jaki sposób cele prawodawcy są realizowane w praktyce. Zauważono, że niejednokrotnie pomiędzy zawiadomieniem o popełnieniu przestępstwa a przesłuchaniem osoby pokrzywdzonej upływa kilkadziesiąt dni. W następstwie tego intencja prawodawcy nie może zostać zrealizowana. Podjęte analizy zakończone zostały refleksją teoretycznoprawną poświęconą skuteczności przepisów prawa. W konkluzji wskazano, że skutecz­ność wymaga w szczególności wzięcia pod uwagę relacji zachowań adresatów do założonych przez prawodawcę celów.
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