Search results

1

Better than a Rope of Sand: cohesion in commercial society

100%

Berry C. J.

Horyzonty Polityki

|

2017

|

vol. 8

|

issue 25

29-41

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Do Smith, Hume and other Scots have an argument to reject John Brown’s claim in his Estimate that a society based on self-interest lacks cohesion? And can they do so without accepting Hobbes’ argument that the necessary cohesion can only be provided by the threat of coercion from a sovereign? THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Problem: The eighteenth century debate on the nature of commercial society. Method: Analysis of key texts in the debate as it occurred in Scotland. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The Scots argue that a society where everyman lives by exchanging, operating on the assumption of selfinterest, is a more peaceable, more equitable and thus more cohesive than that envisioned by Brown. When reinforced by the rule of law, self-interested behaviour supports mutually supportive behaviour. Ultimately this embodies a constant and universal principle of human nature. Human behaviour is not random or chaotic and a commercial society not only exemplifies that fact but also sustains a form of societal life superior to any that has one before. RESEARCH RESULTS: Nostalgia for an earlier time is mis-placed. For all its vehemence Brown’s critique is mis-directed and thus unjustified. CONCLUSION, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This selection of the Scots should be widened to investigate whether Ferguson, Kames, Wallace among others have the same resources as Hume and Smith to rebut Brown.

2

Kupcy indyjscy w międzynarodowym handlu Zanzibaru w latach 1840–1888

72%

Pawełczak M.

Afryka

|

2018

|

issue 48

81-124

EN

The article describes the role of Indian merchants in the international trade of Zanzibar during the period 1840-1888, i.e. from the strengthening of the rule of Sa’īd ibn Sultān Āl Bu Saʻīdī on the East African coast to the loss of this area by his son Bargaš ibn Sa’īd as a result of colonial conquest. The article deals with both objective and subjective factors determining the place of Indians in the trade of Zanzibar, including transport and communication, currency, factors related to participation in exchange mechanisms, negotiations, cooperation, competition and capital flow. Moreover, the author analyses the transformation within the Indian community of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, referring to the concept of commercial diaspora. He focuses on the ways in which the diaspora acted as an intermediary in the international exchange at various levels, adapting to changing political, technical and financial conditions. He scrutinises the changes in relations with Europeans, including the erosion of trust which was related to the increase of competition and risk. The author draws a model of the evolution of the Indian community from the stage in which access to brokering was controlled by the diasporaʼs narrow elite and the ruler to a situation in which the hierarchy of diaspora became fragmented and the access to credit opened up new opportunities to a broader wave of immigrants at various levels of exchange. This concerned both the direct trade with Western markets and the trade on the East African coast. The author used the archival sources from Zanzibar, Great Britain, Germany, the USA and France, including those created by the merchant companies from Staatsarchiv in Hamburg and the Peabody Essex Museum in Peabody (MA, USA)

3

Internet jako medium komunikacji i sprzedaży na srebrnym rynku

72%

Frąckiewicz E.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2018

|

vol. 354

7-16

PL

Grupa osób starszych stale zwiększa swój udział w populacji ogółem. Jedną z naturalnych konsekwencji tego zjawiska jest postrzeganie seniorów jako atrak-cyjnych konsumentów, odbiorców komunikatów promocyjnych i nabywców produktów. Jednocześnie w strategiach marketingowych firm obserwuje się zwiększanie roli nowych narzędzi informacyjno-komunikacyjnych (ICT), w tym głównie opierających się na Internecie. Stąd też skuteczność i efektywność działań marketingowych skierowanych do seniorów prowadzonych poprzez kanały internetowe jest determinowana przez dwa kluczowe warunki. Pierwszy z nich to dostęp seniorów do globalnej sieci wyrażony udziałem użytkowników-seniorów online i rodzajem wykorzystywanych usług interne-towych. Drugi dotyczy stosunku do tych rozwiązań, który znajduje swoje odzwiercie-dlenie w aktywności zakupowej online. Celami artykułu są diagnoza zakresu i stopnia wykorzystania Internetu przez seniorów oraz wskazanie na kluczowe czynniki odpowia-dające za jego akceptację i te tworzące bariery. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o literaturę przedmiotu, dane statystyczne oraz raporty badawcze.

EN

The elderly people are continuously increasing their share in the entire popu-lation. One of the natural consequences of the phenomenon is perceiving seniors as at-tractive consumers, and as a result recipients of promotional activities. At the same time, an increasing share of new ICT tools (Information and Communication Technology) is observed. Hence, the efficiency of marketing strategies aimed at seniors through ICT solutions is determined by two key conditions. The first condition is access seniors have to ICT expressed in popularity of personal computers, laptops, mobile phones and the Internet. Whereas the second relates to a positive attitude towards these solutions, which can be noticed in their acceptance and willingness to use them. The aim of the article is to diagnose the extent and use of ICT by seniors and their attitudes towards barriers. The article covered basis literature review, data and research institutes and reports.

4

Turkish-Kazach Relations since the Collapse of the Soviet Union: the Economic Dimension of Bilateral Relations

58%

Aslan D. H., Bozyigit D.

Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula

|

2016

|

issue 2(48)

115-139

EN

In the paper, economic relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan are analysed. The study period includes the modern era since Kazakhstan has gained its independence. In the first part general overview of Kazakhstan is explained. In the second part diplomatic relations, as well as cultural, educational and military relations are described. The third part, which is the main topic and the aim of this study, contains all sides of economic relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan as trade relations: export – import; Turkish companies’ investment in Kazakhstan; the obstacles that Turkish investors, businessmen and entrepreneurs are facing; the role of business associations in strengthening the bilateral economic relations is defined, and also bilateral economic relations through international organisations are identifi ed.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy stosunków gospodarczych Turcji i Kazachstanu. Badany okres obejmuje czasy współczesne, od chwili uzyskania przez Kazachstan niepodległości. W pierwszej części przedstawiono ogólnie sytuację ekonomiczną Kazachstanu. W części drugiej omówiono stosunki dyplomatyczne, jak również kulturalne, edukacyjne i wojskowe. Część trzecia, która stanowi główny temat i główny cel opracowania, zawiera omówienie wszystkich stron stosunków gospodarczych Turcji i Kazachstanu: eksport i import; inwestycje firm tureckich w Kazachstanie; bariery, z jakimi się stykają tureccy inwestorzy, biznesmeni i przedsiębiorcy; określono rolę stowarzyszeń biznesowych w umacnianiu dwustronnych stosunków gospodarczych oraz zidentyfi kowano dwustronne stosunki gospodarcze realizowane przez organizacje międzynarodowe.

Refine search results

1 Afryka

1 Horyzonty Polityki

1 Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula

1 Studia Ekonomiczne

2 2018

1 2017

1 2016

1 Aslan D. H.

1 Berry C. J.

1 Bozyigit D.

1 Frąckiewicz E.

1 Pawełczak M.

Better than a Rope of Sand: cohesion in commercial society

Kupcy indyjscy w międzynarodowym handlu Zanzibaru w latach 1840–1888

Internet jako medium komunikacji i sprzedaży na srebrnym rynku

Turkish-Kazach Relations since the Collapse of the Soviet Union: the Economic Dimension of Bilateral Relations