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PL
The story Confession occupies a special place in M. Gorky’s creation. It was conceived and written during a period in which he of searched for God. According to the writer’s plan, the work tells us of a person who walks in holy places, lives in monasteries and searches for God. In reference to the plot of Confession, it is worth noting that it was based on real sources, including the life of Gorky himself. In a way, the narrative was the result of the philosophical and artistic inquiries of the writer at the turn of the century.
PL
According to the law of the Church, contained mainly in the Code of Canon Law, priests are entitled to certain rights and obligations arising from their Holy Orders. Some of them require also appropriate faculties in addition to the orders. This is the case in relation to the sacrament of penance and reconciliation. This so-called faculty is required in order to exercise this sacrament validly. The of such faculty causes the incurrence of ecclesiastical penalty of suspension latae sententiae. This text examines the norms of the Codex regarding the conferment of the faculty to administer the sacrament of penance, its use and the ecclesiastical penalties incurred for hearing confessions without such faculties.
EN
In the spotlight of the author there is a Confession of Mikhail Bakunin that is the unique personal, historical and political document. The letter was created by the prisoner of the Petropavlovsk fortress, state prisoner, and in the past one of the most committed Russian philosophers-Hegelians on the demand of the emperor Nikolay I. In the article it is considered: 1) an idea of Slavic unity, as it was understood by the Russian radical thinker; it was aimed to complete the destruction of all existing empires where Slavs lived: Ottoman, Austrian, Russian; and create the Great free Slavic federation on their ruins, with the capital in Constantinople; 2) the problems, considered by Bakunin in connection with organization and realization of the First Slavic Congress in Prague in 1848 (prehistory, cultural constituent, structure, lay-out of political forces and interests, fight of parties, national opposition); 3) the negative attitude of Bakunin towards modern Russia and her claims on all-Slavic domination; as well as the general negative opinion about the Congress.
RU
The article is dedicated to the study of Augustine’s interpretation of the original sin; it representsimmorality that overwhelmed human nature. Augustine understands fall of man as man’s arrogance who turned from God to evil. Predetermined sins committed at the early stages of author’s life are examined on the basis of his confessions.
EN
The religious aspect of a conflict like the Prusso‑Austrian War of 1866 may at first sight seem marginal and not very interesting. With pronounced exceptions, the subject has never been the subject of research by many authors who have otherwise literally broken the conflict down into micro‑parts and described in minute detail most conceivable phenomena of a military‑historical nature. Although the conflict could certainly not be classified as a religious or confessional war, the transparent dichotomy between the Catholicism of the Austrian Em pire and the Protestantism of the Prussian Kingdom has inspired – especially in the German‑speaking world – many analyses. These are, however, exclusively structuralist texts, and the analysis mentioned in them tends to be rather quantitative. In our contribution, we would like to focus on an otherwise completely overlooked phenomenon, namely: the personal experience of (dis)belief, the reflection of confessional differences and the (dis)observance of ritual against the backdrop of a dynamic period of wartime conflict. As a source base we will use contemporary memories, memoirs, or chronicle records of ordinary people, soldiers, but also church leaders.
EN
The article deals with the historical development and current form of legal restrictions for confessors in the administration of the sacrament of penance in the Catholic Church, and specifically in relation to the indiction of the extraordinary jubilee of mercy (2015–2016) by Pope Francis. It summarizes the evolution of the canonical regulation in the Christian East and West, particularly with regard to (re)codification of canon law in the 20th century, and indicates the original version and Czech translation of fundamental texts which were only accessible with difficulties and little known. It emphasizes the clarification of the distinction reserved for sins because of their nature (ratione sui) and because of censures (ratione censurae). It analyzes, explains and evaluates upon this basis the extraordinary faculties granted to confessors in the Czech Republic decades ago. The author finally presents his personal reflections and suggestions for future legislation (de lege ferenda) and for Christian practice, with an emphasis on the social dimension of personal sins and on the reactions of the Church to them.
Ethics in Progress
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 1
61-74
EN
This paper aims to draw a connection between Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion in regard to the role of negative theology. This scrutiny shows meaningful contributions of the Authors to a new definition of subjectivity in a post-metaphysical age, and their consideration about which possibilities are still open for a non-predetermined history given outside of the presence domain. The future is neither a totalisation of history by its end, nor a simple continuation of the present. It is an eschatological event, where the relationship with the other plays a crucial role for the self-constitution. Such an interlacement is generated by the confession, where the link between past and future is not causally determined, but instead it is self-witness, as in Augustine’s masterpiece, essential reference for both the Authors
ELPIS
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2014
|
vol. 16
49-59
PL
„Sakrament Sakramentów” bądź „Misterium Misteriów”, jak nazywana jest Święta Eucharystia to rekapitulacja tajemnicy ekonomii zbawienia człowieka. Jej znaczenie, rola i waga, jako centralnego miejsca żywego organizmu Kościoła, jest niepodważalna. Wszystko obraca wokół niej. To w Eucharystii życie liturgiczne, ale i życie każdego człowieka odnajduje swoją pełnię, cel i sens. Potrzeba odpowiedniego przygotowania człowieka do godnego przyjęcia Świętej Eucharystii podkreślana była od wieków, przez całą Tradycję chrześcijańską. Apostoł Narodów, jako jeden z pierwszych zajmuje się tym zagadnieniem pisząc: Przeto, ktokolwiek by jadł chleb i pił z kielicha Pańskiego niegodnie, winien będzie ciała i krwi Pańskiej. Niechże więc człowiek samego siebie doświadcza i tak niech je z chleba tego i z kielicha tego pije. Albowiem kto je i pije niegodnie, nie rozróżniając ciała Pańskiego, sąd własny je i pije. Dlatego jest między wami wielu chorych i słabych, a niemało umarło (1Kor 11,27-30). Niniejszy artykuł analizuje kryteria, które Matka Cerkiew wyznacza wiernym na drodze ku godnemu i przynoszącemu korzyść uczestnictwu w Kielichu Chrystusa i spotkania Wiecznego i Żywego Boga. W kolejnych akapitach kryteria te zostały przedstawione w formie tekstów św. Ojców oraz nauczania Kościoła.
EN
‘The Sacrament of Sacraments’ or ‘The Mystery of Mysteries’, as it is called, the Holy Eucharist, is a recapitulation of Mystery of the Economy of the human’s salvation. Its importance, role and meaning unquestionably have a central place in the living organism, which is the Church. Everything moves around it and is based on it. Liturgical life and the life of every man finds its fullness, purpose and meaning in the Eucharist. The necessity of one’s appropriate preparation for the worthy reception of the Holy Eucharist has been accented for centuries by the whole Christian Tradition. The Apostle Paul was one of the first to raise this subject when he writes: Wherefore whosever shall eat this bread and drink this cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body. For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep (1 Corinthians 11:27-30). The following article examines the criteria that the Mother Church provides for believers in regards to proper and worthy preparation for this ‘personal’ meeting with Eternal and Living God based on the instructions of the Holy Fathers and teachers of the Church on this issue which has been analyzed in the following chapters.
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PL
Dzieło austriackiego filozofa dialogu Ferdynanda Ebnera miało zarówno bezpośredni, jak i pośredni wpływ na rozwój sakramentu pokuty po II Soborze Watykańskim. Jego pogląd, że lu- dzie otrzymali „słowo" od Boga, który jest „Wiecznym Ty", wpłynęło na pogłębienie soborowej teologii słowa. Grzech rozumiany jest jako odrzucenie dialogu, zamknięcie się na Ty, na co lekar- stwo przynosi autentyczna sakramentalna spowiedź w i poprzez cud Boskiego daru słowa skiero- wanego do ludzi. Wpływ Ebnera na Sobór jest tu bezpośredni, zwłaszcza na opracowanie Konsty- tucji dogmatycznej o Objawieniu Bożym Dei Verbum, natomiast wpłynął on pośrednio na nowy Obrzęd Sakramentu Pokuty, co widać w pogłębionej teologii słowa, która już wcześniej została „wchłonięta" przez Sobór. Warto podjąć dalsze studium nad myślą Ebnera jako pryzmatu, przez który można zastosować inne filozofie języka dla lepszego zrozumienia sakramentu spowiedzi.
EN
The work of the Austrian dialogical thinker, Ferdinand Ebner, had both a direct and an indirect influence on the development of the Sacrament of Penance after Vatican Council II. Ebner's notion that humans are given the "word" by God, who is the "Eternal Thou," informed Vatican II's deepening theology of the word. Sin is understood as a rejection of dialogue, a closing of oneself to the Thou, for which authentic sacramental Confession offers the remedy, in and through the miracle of God's gift of speaking to humans. Ebner's influence on Vatican II is direct, especially in the elaboration of the "Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation," Dei Verbum, while his influence on the New Rite of Penance is indirect - reflected in a deeper theology of the word that had already been "absorbed" by the Council. There are implications for further study of Ebner's thought as a prism through which to apply other language philosophies to better understand the Sacrament of Confession.
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