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1

Od Konstytucji dla Europy do „traktatu reformującego”

100%

Koszel B.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2013

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issue 1(346)

29-48

EN

Since the beginning of the 21st century a debate has been underway in the European Union on the future systemic model of this organization and the necessity of implementing indispensable institutional changes that would prepare it to operate in an increasingly globalizing world. The discussion that took place in the years 2000-2002 resulted in launching work by the European Convent, which in June 2003 drafted a bold project of a Constitution for Europe. As a result of opposition from many countries which feared the loss of their sovereignty and especially after referenda in France and Holland at the end of May and beginning of June 2005 the Constitutional Treaty was not enforced. Following a French-German agreement it was modified and given the form of a “reform treaty” (a “simplified” one). Elements that could be associated with the project of the earlier EU Constitution were deleted. However, it is estimated that the Treaty of Lisbon enforced in December 2007 retained about 80% of the substance of the old Constitutional Treaty.

2

The Netherlands in the Face of the Problem of Direct Democracy – the Case of the Constitution for Europe

88%

Kużelewska E.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

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2011

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vol. 29

157-179

PL

Casus Konstytucji dla Europy – System polityczny Holandii wyraźnie faworyzuje demokrację przedstawicielską nad demokracją bezpośrednią. Głosowanie ludowe w 2005 r. w sprawie ratyfikacji Konstytucji dla Europy było pierwszym (i ostatnim) referendum ogólnokrajowym w Holandii. Decyzja o przyjęciu Traktatu konstytucyjnego w drodze referendum podyktowana była różnymi czynnikami, lecz wynikała głównie z przekonania, że wyborcy podzielają stanowisko polityków wobec potrzeby przyjęcia Konstytucji dla Europy. Tymczasem w referendum Holendrzy odrzucili traktat. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie powodów odrzucenia Traktatu konstytucyjnego Unii Europejskiej, a także próba odpowiedzi czy o wyniku referendum zdecydowały postawy wyborców wobec Europy, czy raczej postawy wobec partii politycznych i rządu.

EN

The dutch political system clearly favors representative democracy over direct democracy. Popular vote in 2005 on the ratification of the Constitution for Europe was the first (and the last) a nationwide referendum in the Netherlands. The decision to adopt the Constitutional Treaty by referendum was dictated by various factors, but mainly resulted from the belief that voters agree with the politicians about the need for a Constitution for Europe. Meanwhile the Dutch rejected the treaty in referendum. The purpose of this article is to show the reasons for the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty of the European Union, as well as to make an attempt to answer whether the outcome of the referendum was the result of voters’ attitudes towards Europe, or rather the attitudes towards political parties and government.

3

The Development of European Criminal Law as a Cultural Challenge

75%

Stiebig V.

Baltic Journal of Law & Politics

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2011

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vol. 4

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issue 1

134-153

EN

The article gives an appraisal of the last years' development in criminal matters in the European Union and answers the question if an integrative "European Criminal Law" already exists. Against this background, the "Lisbon Judgment" of the Federal Constitutional Court is analyzed and the basic guidelines of the judgment regarding criminal law are elaborated. The article also explains the requirements made by the Federal Constitutional Court on the decisions on punishable behavior, on the rank of legally protected interests and on the meaning of threat of punishment. Based on this, the additional value of a supranational public prosecution is discussed, as well as some ways in which criminal law influences the cultural identity of European nations.

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1 Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

1 Baltic Journal of Law & Politics

1 Przegląd Zachodni

1 2013

2 2011

1 Koszel B.

1 Kużelewska E.

1 Stiebig V.

Od Konstytucji dla Europy do „traktatu reformującego”

The Netherlands in the Face of the Problem of Direct Democracy – the Case of the Constitution for Europe

The Development of European Criminal Law as a Cultural Challenge