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1

Frequency and chronological distribution of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population from Żerniki Górne (Poland) – preliminary report

100%
Tomczyk J., Tomczyk-Gruca M., Zalewska M.
Anthropological Review
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2012
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vol. 75
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issue 1
61-73
EN
Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is treated as a nonspecific indicator of stress, but even so, many authors consider it the most reliable tool stress in anthropological research. Its analysis allows the reconstruction of health related to the socio-economic status of the group. This study documents and interprets patterns of LEH in Żerniki Górne (Poland), a settlement which was functional in the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. We examined two successive cultures: the Corded Ware Culture (CWC; 3200-2300BC) and the Trzciniec Culture (TC; 1500-1300BC). In total, there were 1486 permanent teeth (124 adult individuals). The frequency of LEH in the examined cultures shows a small rising trend. In these series from Żernik Górne, males showed a higher occurrence of LEH (16.5%) than females (13.4%). The earliest LEH appeared at similar ages at about 2.0/2.2 years and the last LEH occurred at about 4.2 years of age in both cultures. However, it is worth noting that periods associated with physiological stress were more common but not very long (four months on average) in the CWC. Longer stress periods (nine months on average) were associated with the TC.
2

Analiza proporcji stabilnych izotopów tlenu (18O/16O) w kościach przedstawicieli ludności kultury ceramiki sznurowej z Malżyc – badania pilotażowe

88%
Włodarczak P., Szczepanek A., Stepańczak B., Jarosz P., Szostek K.
Archeologia Polski
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2011
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vol. 56
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issue 1-2
47-64
EN
The results of archaeological research with an analysis of the ratio of stable oxygen isotopes 18O and 16O in human bones from the Corded Ware Culture were confronted. Radiocarbon dating of graves to approximately 2500–2400 B.C. reveals that the cemetery is chronologically homogeneous and represents a classic stage in the development of this culture. Pottery from graves nos 10–12 demonstrates characteristics linking Malżyce finds with the grave assemblages from the region of Kraków. Samples for lab analysis were selected in view of their localization, approximately same dating and differentiated age at death of the individuals. A reconstruction of parameters of the natural environment in the Sub-Boreal period was carried out based on an analysis of two animal bone samples from the Neolithic settlement site in Zawarża, district Pińczów, approximately 4 km northwest of the site in Malżyce. Analysis for diagenetic change of apatite excluded two not homogeneous samples. Based on the results of analysis it could be determined that the 40–45 year old man buried in grave 10 changed his environment during his lifetime. From the age of 5–8 to about 15 he lived in the area where his bones were found, then led a mobile life in an environment characterized by a different isotope composition. In the end, he returned to be buried in his native land. The child aged 1–1.5 years from grave 11 seems to have been breastfed, influencing significantly the results. Assuming his mother did not come from the studied region, the data suggests a non-local origin for this individual. Definite determination of the origins of this child and whether it was indeed breastfed will be possible only after a comparative analyses of isotopes of nitrogen, carbon and strontium in the same samples are made. Samples from the 11–12-year-old individual in grave 12 demonstrated similar ratios of oxygen isotopes, indicating that the individual did not leave the environment in which he had grown up, using continuously the same natural sources; no changes of lifestyle could be discerned.
3

Analiza wyposażenia grobowego w kulturze ceramiki sznurowej na przykładzie pochówku szkieletowego z Nieborowej na Polesiu Lubelskim

75%
Boroń T., Winiarska-Kabacińska M.
Archeologia Polski
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2014
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vol. 59
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issue 1-2
209-230
EN
The article presents an analysis of grave goods from a Corded Ware Culture burial dis-covered on the Nieborowa I site in central-eastern Poland. A functional analysis of flint objects indicated the presence of seven arrowheads, a side-scraper and fire flint among the grave goods. The arrowheads were not used as points; three of them bore traces of mounting. They were found in one spot, suggesting that they had been placed in the grave in a container of some kind (quiver ?). The mounting traces were not too strong or were absent altogether, thus the arrowheads could well have been placed in a container other than a quiver (bag?). Traces observed on the edges of one of the examined flint objects demonstrated its function as a fire flint. The side-scraper was used for work on a hard material. The observed similarities of the flint tool set placed as grave goods in burials of males of Corded Ware Culture and the observed traces of use on these tools point to a strictly defined set of rules governing burial rites in this cultural phase.
4
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Topór kamienny z Warszawy-Ursynowa

75%
Sałacińska B., Sałaciński S.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2018
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vol. LXIX
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issue 69
177-180
EN
The artefact was found in 2018 near the Cultural Park in Powsin in Warsaw-Ursynów (Fig. 1) and transferred to the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw. It is a boat-shaped stone axe made of amphibolite (Fig. 2–4). An indentation remaining after a drilled hole is located on its butt, while a circular trace left by a partially drilled hole can be found on its upper surface. The dimensions of the artefact are: length 90 mm, width at the butt 50 mm, width at the blade 20 mm, thickness 37 mm, diameter of the hole on the butt 15 mm, diameter of the partially drilled hole 14 mm. The axe belongs to subtype IB (reduced forms) in the typology of J. Libera and J. Sobieraj (2016, p. 414), associated with the early phases of the Corded Ware culture. This subtype corresponds to type B in the classification of P. V. Glob (1944, pp. 20–21), K. W. Struve (1955, pp. 15–16), and K. H. Brandt (1967, pp. 50–53) and type B2 after P. Włodarczak (2006, p. 33).
5
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Niecodzienne znalezisko (grobowe?) z Roztocza Zachodniego

63%
Libera J., Stachyra A.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2022
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vol. LXXIII
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issue 73
235-240
EN
During agricultural works on one of the loess humps of Western Roztocze, in the village of Kondraty, Biłgoraj County, SE Poland (Fig. 1), three objects were found close to each other on the surface: a five-sided axe made of amphibolite, a quadrangular axe made of Volhynian flint and a sea urchin fossil (Fig. 2−4). The discovery of such specific lithic items in one place may indicate that they came from a destroyed prehistoric grave. Both Neolithic and Bronze Age/Early Iron Age communities manufactured stone and flint axes. Stone axes are primarily attributed to the Corded Ware and Lusatian Cultures, and, to a limited extent, to the Mierzanowice Culture and possibly the Trzciniec Culture, while flint axes are also linked to the Funnel Beaker Culture and the Globular Amphora Culture. On the basis of a typological and comparative analysis, bearing in mind the taxonomic units distinguished in the interfluve of the Middle Vistula and Bug Rivers, the closest analogies for both the axe forms are found among grave goods of the Corded Ware Culture. In the classification of P. WŁODARCZAK (2006), the stone axe bears resemblance to type C, and the flint axe finds analogies among some of the specimens of variants A/B/D of type I. Although no co-occurrence of objects comparable to the Kondraty artefacts, as well as the presence of the fossil, is yet to be recorded in a single feature, the analysed material should be dated within the range of phases II−IIIB in the periodization of P. WŁODARCZAK (2006), i.e., around 2700/2650−2300/2250 BCE. The reference point are the radiocarbon dates determined for two graves: for the flint axe – Łapszów, barrow, grave 1: C14 3870 ± 35 BP; for the stone axe – Wola Węgierska 3, barrow 1: C14 3920 ± 80 BP and 3860 ± 70 BP.
PL
Na jednym z garbów lessowych Roztocza Zachodniego w miejscowość Kondraty, gmina Goraj (ryc. 1) w trakcie prac rolnych, w bliskim sąsiedztwie znaleziono na powierzchni trzy przedmioty: topór pięcioboczny z amfibolitu, siekierę czworościenną z krzemienia wołyńskiego i skamielinę jeżowca (ryc. 2-4). Znalezisko w jednym miejscu tak specyficznych wytworów kamiennych może wskazywać na odkrycie zniszczonego grobu pradziejowego. Kamienne topory i krzemienne siekiery wykazywane są w wytwórczości zarówno społeczeństw neolitycznych, jak i epoki brązu/ wczesnej epoki żelaza. W pierwszym przypadku dotyczy to przede wszystkim kultury ceramiki sznurowej i kultury łużyckiej, w stopniu bardzo ograniczonym kultury mierzanowickiej i być może kultury trzcinieckiej, w drugim, również kultury pucharów lejkowatych oraz kultury amfor kulistych. Na podstawie analizy typologiczno-porównawczej, mając na uwadze wyróżnione jednostki taksonomiczne w międzyrzeczu środkowej Wisły i Bugu, zarówno dla formy topora jak i siekiery, najbliższe analogie odnajdujemy wśród inwentarzy grobowych kultury ceramiki sznurowej. W systematyce P. Włodarczaka (2006) dla topora jest to typ C, dla siekiery niektóre okazy zaliczone do typu I odmian A/B/D. I jakkolwiek nie stwierdzono współwystępowania w jednym obiekcie wytworów porównywalnych do znaleziska z Kondrat, podobnie jak obecności skamieliny, to analizowane materiały należy datować w zakresie fazy II-IIIB w podziale periodyzacji P. Włodarczaka (2006), tj. na lata około 2700/2650-2300/2250 BC. Punktem odniesienia są określenia radiowęglowe dwóch grobów: dla siekiery – Łapszów, kurhan, grób 1: C14 3870 ± 35 BP, natomiast dla topora – Wola Węgierska 3, kurhan 1: C14 3920 ± 80 BP oraz 3860 ± 70 BP.
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