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1

Corruption, Licensing and Elections - A New Analysis Framework

100%
Imami D.
South East European Journal of Economics and Business
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2012
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vol. 7
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issue 1
93-97
EN
This paper analyses corruption and licensing in conjunction with elections in Albania. The paper develops an analysis framework utilizing datasets of two types of national licenses, namely licenses for media and notaries about which there have been concerns of transparency in Albania. In the months preceding elections, a higher number of both types of licenses are issued. One possible explanation for the "intensification of licensing" during pre-election months may be corruption, given that licensing is widely perceived as related to corruption in countries with high levels of corruption such as Albania.
2
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Corruption and the Level of Trade Protectionism

80%
Ghodsi M. M.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
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2012
|
issue 30
75-96
EN
In this paper, impacts of corruption on the level of trade protectionism, trade openness, and imports are analyzed. It is argued that special interest groups who are lobbying with corrupted governments might seek more benefits in some special subgroups of imports. Possible country and time specific fixed effects, endogeneity and some other problems in the regressions are controlled to achieve results that are more robust. Corruption measures from two different sources of Worldwide Governance Indicator and Transparency International website are analyzed in two separate similar approaches. It is finally concluded that both measures of corruption implicate negative influence on only one import subgroup, while there is no significant impact on protectionism measures.
3
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Walka z biedą, korupcją i priorytety obronności. Dylematy współczesnej Afryki

80%
Gemechu D. K.
Forum Politologiczne
|
2011
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vol. 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce
67-85
EN
Africa is one of the richest continents in natural resources, and yet its people are the poorest on this planet. The causes of poverty in Africa are based on various factors. The main cause is the lack efficient management of public property by corrupt and irresponsible leaders. Unfortunately it's a continent where government authorities enjoy luxury life and ordinary citizens starve. Every year Africa loses 148 billion USD because of corruption. National proper- ty is treated as the private ownership by many African leaders. Mostly leaders focus on how to safeguard, prolong their span of reign and keep their private interest. Resources are mostly diverted for the building of complex security systems, such as military, police and secret security services which is consider as their top priority. Military expenditure and political corruption have direct or indirect effect on poverty. African leaders and their allies in the Western world, banking systems which save looted money from Africa are partly responsible for the enlargement of poverty in Africa. Eradication of poverty in Africa declared by many African countries, seems to be unrealistic. Exploitation of national treasure by leaders for their private purposes, could be considered as the series problem for the development of Africa. This Article tries to analyze relations between eradication of poverty, political corruption and priority given for military expenditure by African rulers to safeguard their own interests ignoring all inclusive national development.
4

What is the Contribution of the Theory of Redistribution Systems to the Theory of Corruption?

80%
Otáhal T., Palát M., Wawrosz P.
Review of Economic Perspectives
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2013
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vol. 13
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issue 2
92-107
EN
Scholars making economic policy recommendations to resolve corruption problem use several approaches, the most dominant of which are the principal-agent and rent-seeking theories. In this paper, we argue that the principal-agent theory has problems to account for the environment in which the agents offering and accepting corruption operate, and explain the importance of agents for survival of their environment. The rent-seeking theory, on the other hand, finds it difficult to establish socially effective legislation and ways to determine the barriers to entry that motivate agents to behave corruptly. Both problems, however, are vital for solving the problem of corruption. Lacking the knowledge of the agent’s environment (system) and their significance for survival of the system, the theory cannot define incentives that would discourage the agent from acting in a corrupted way. If the rent-seeking theory does not determine the barriers to entry that motivate agents to behave corruptly, it cannot determine the proper legislation that would deter corrupt behaviour and lead to economic development. For these reasons we investigate if both problems can be explained and solved within the alternative theory of redistribution systems and its part - the theory of parallel redistribution games.
5
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Impact of Government Spending and Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia

80%
Syukri A. U., Hasanuddin B., Paddu A. H., Suhab S.
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
|
2022
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vol. 6
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issue 1
34-45
EN
Investment is a critical macroeconomic variable for economic growth and development in any country. As a developing country with the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is also dependent on investment coming in from both home and abroad. A good investment climate is one of the solutions in overcoming economic problems so that foreign investors can invest in Indonesia. Obviously, various factors influence investors' willingness to invest in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of government spending, corruption, economic growth and wages on foreign direct investment in Indonesia. The study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression analysis for the research period 2000-2020. The results show that the variables of government spending, corruption and economic growth have positive and significant impact on foreign direct investment, while the variable of salary has negative and significant impact on foreign direct investment. The Indonesian government needs to reduce the level of corruption and wage level to attract investors.
6
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Corruption and economic growth in India and Nigeria

80%
Obamuyi T. M., Olayiwola S. O.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2019
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vol. 35
80-105
EN
Aim/purpose – Theoretical arguments about the impact of corruption on economic growth have divided economists into two groups. The first one believes that corruption is an obstruction to economic growth and development while the second – that corruption plays a positive role in the development process. Therefore, the arguments on the effects of corruption on economic growth are inconclusive. This study investigates the effects of corruption on economic growth as measured in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth in Nigeria and India due to the pervasive corruption in the two low-income countries. Design/methodology/approach – The study employed Mo’s framework (2001) for investigating corruption and growth mechanism. The data for the study which covered 1980-2015 was extracted from the World Bank data repository. Corruption was measured by the Corruption Perception Index. Other variables are population growth rate, trade openness, education and the output of agriculture, industry and service sectors. Correlation coefficients were used to show a correlation between corruption and GDP growth rate for both countries. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was used to estimate the effects of corruption on economic growth. Findings – The major findings of the study are: (1) Corruption has a stifling effect on economic growth when the measures of human capital, political instability and capital formation were not included in the estimation for India; (2) Corruption has a positive effect on economic growth when the measures of human capital, political instability and capital formation were included interchangeably and combined together in the estimation for India; (3) Corruption has a stifling effect on economic growth when the measures of human capital, political instability and capital formation were both included and excluded in the estimation for Nigeria; and (4) The transmission mechanism results show that corruption adversely affects economic growth through investment and human capital in both countries. Research implications/limitations – The implications of this study are that corruption produces a dampening effect on growth in both countries and the transmission channels were through investment and human capital. The limitation of the study has to do with the data. A better measure of corruption aside corruption perception index may produce different results. Originality/value/contribution – The unique contribution of the study is the investigation of the channel through which corruption affects economic growth in India and Nigeria.
7
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Korupcja jako przejaw crony capitalismu na przykładzie wybranych gospodarek azjatyckich

80%
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 139
185-197
EN
Some of Asian economies, which in 80's and 90's of XX century experienced economic boom, still are the subject of scientific research. Article examines the peculiar characteristic of these economies, which on the one hand is regarded as the reason ofunprecedented dynamic economic growth, on the other hand is the source of destabilization. This characteristic is the crony capitalism. In the article issues concerning the phenomenon of crony capitalism are introduced and also the most obvious symptom of this issue: corruption is discussed in some economies of East Asia and the Pacific.
8

Corruption and System Change in the Czech Republic: Firm-Level Evidence

70%
Koudelková P., Strielkowski W., Hejlová D.
DANUBE: Law and Economics Review
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 1
25-46
EN
Corruption is a widespread phenomenon in all countries undergoing market transition. However, the Czech Republic stands apart, with its incredible entanglement of corruption, politics and business. Although corruption on the firm level in the Czech Republic is heavily criticized, the results of our in-depth interviews conducted with Czech SMEs showed that almost every firm has encountered some form of corruption and even used corruption to either increase sales, help negotiations, or increase production. Most of our respondents admitted that corruption was useful for day-to-day business. This article aims to obtain information about the state of corruption in enterprises in the Czech Republic and map the behaviour of entrepreneurs in companies. Our results offer ways to fight corruption: apart from highlighting the negative traits of corruption, emphasis should be made on determining to what extent corruption would be acceptable for firms and their clients. This could be useful for designing various state policies that might influence system change and market development in CEECs and both directly and indirectly influence the volume of corruption.
9

The Never-Ending Fight: Economic and Political Corruption in Hungary

70%
Kőhalmi L.
DANUBE: Law and Economics Review
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2013
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vol. 4
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issue 1
67-82
EN
Every society must pay the “price of democracy” and in this price are “calculated” the rising number of crimes and the change in their quality, and also the unique alterations of corruption, among other things. The fight against economic-political corruption is a risky question, because the hunters and the hunted, those who conduct and those who undergo impeachment, are often members of the same political elite. It is in the interest of tax-payers that public funds should not become cash bribes, and furthermore that the rule of corruption should not grow dominant in even a single sphere. If we consider the moral weakness of politicians as the genesis of economic and political corruption, then the appropriate anti-corruption strategy would be the right combination of penalty policy and payment policy.
10
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ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GHANA UNDER KUFUOR (2001-2008): ‘MAMMON’ AND GOOD NEIGHBOURLINESS.

61%
Yeboah S. A.
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
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2019
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vol. 10(2)
201-221
EN
This study seeks to assess the extent to which President Kufuor’s adoption of economic diplomacy impacted the economic growth and development of Ghana from 2001-2008. The economic development of Ghana after inde-pendence vary from one administration to the other with military takeovers influencing and changing the course and rate of development. President Kufuor’s administration however presents a remarkable record of immense economic growth. Kufuor’s era was thus, termed as the “Golden Age of Business” following the gravity of private businesses springing up and an environment created for such initiatives to thrive on. In the final analysis, the study came to the realization that Kufuor’s administration reemphasizes the deepening economic relation Ghana developed with other partners through the implementation of economic diplomacy. The study underlined some initiatives that was embarked on and further provided some macroeconomic indicators representing the level of development during his era. The result revealed the roles of diplomats as primary avenues for the promotion of economic diplomacy and how their activities impact the economic growth of a country. Diplomacy, Economic diplomacy, Diplomat, Globalization, Neoliberalism, Mammon, Corruption Niniejsze badanie ma na celu ocenę, w jakim stopniu przyjęcie dyplomacji gospodarczej przez prezydenta Kufuora wpłynęło na wzrost gospodarczy i rozwój Ghany w latach 2001-2008. Rozwój gospodarczy Ghany po uzyskaniu niepodległości jest zależny od administracji, a przejęcia wojsk mają wpływ na zmianę kursu i tempo rozwoju. Ad-ministracja prezydenta Kufuora wyróżnia się jednak niezwykłmy wzrostem gospodarczym. Era Kufuora została więc nazwana „Złotym Wiekiem Biznesu” ze względu na mnogość rozwijających się prywatnych firm i stworzeniu środowiska dla takich inicjatyw. W końcowej analizie badanie doszło do wniosku, że administracja Kufuor po-nownie podkreśla pogłębiające się stosunki gospodarcze, jakie Ghana rozwinęła z innymi partnerami poprzez wdrożenie dyplomacji gospodarczej. W artykule podkreślono niektóre inicjatywy, które podjęto, a ponadto poda-no pewne wskaźniki makroekonomiczne reprezentujące poziom rozwoju w czasie prezydenta Kufuora. Artykuł ujawnił rolę dyplomatów jako głównych promotorów dyplomacji ekonomicznej oraz ich wpływ na wzrost gospo-darczy kraju. dyplomacja, dyplomacja ekonomiczna, dyplomata, globalizacja, neoliberalizm, korupcja, mamona
11

Multiple Modernities in Bulgaria: Social Strategies of Capitalist Entrepreneurs in the Agrarian Sector

61%
Giordano C.
Eastern European Countryside
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2010
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vol. 16
5-24
EN
The article focuses on trust/mistrust relations, strategies of cooperation, and emerging conflicts in the period of establishing capitalist reforms in Bulgaria after 1989. In this frame, trust building, as a key challenge for a successful transformation process, is analysed as a premise for cooperation and social cohesion in the process of reforming governance, establishing local institutions, rebuilding civil society, and validating the acknowledged human and natural potential of a "failing" i.e. "fragile state" like Bulgaria. Of specific significance is the analysis of agency in which individuals possess mainly personalised types of trust and cooperation and are suspicious about systemic trust. The analysis of the empirical materials reveals that the agents involved in present capitalist agriculture do not follow the abstract model proposed by transition/consolidation theories but rather they confirm the validity of the multiple modernities approach proposed by S.N. Eisenstadt.
12

International’s Index of Corruption and Global Survey Results

61%
Rusciano F. L.
Studies of Changing Societies
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2014
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vol. 2013
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issue 2
4-21
13
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Urynkowienie gospodarki a korupcja – doświadczenia państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej

61%
Brol M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2019
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vol. 378
147-157
PL
Głównym celem analizy prezentowanej w artykule jest wskazanie źródeł korupcji w państwach transformujących gospodarkę. Kraje o gospodarce centralnie sterowanej wydają się dotknięte korupcją w większym stopniu niż te o gospodarce rynkowej. Przyczyną tego stanu rzeczy jest m.in. zanik własności prywatnej na rzecz kolektywnej. Innym źródłem korupcji jest także scentralizowany, planowy sposób dystrybucji dóbr ekonomicznych. Wskazać też należy na tworzenie się sieci zależności pomiędzy podmiotami ekonomicznymi (przedsiębiorstwami, osobami prywatnymi, decydentami) w gospodarkach dotkniętych niedoborem towarów. W prezentowanej analizie skoncentrowano się na państwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, będących członkami Unii Europejskiej.
EN
The main purpose of this article is to identify sources of corruption in communist and post-communist countries. Communist countries seem to be more prone to the corruption phenomena compared to the countries with free market economy. A reason for this, among others, is atrophy of a private property transferred into a collective property. Other source of corruption is also centralized, planned way of economic goods distribution. Worth of mentioning is establishing of relations network among economic entities (companies, private persons, decision makers) in economies suffering from goods insufficiency – as it took place in the Eastern Europe in the second half of the 20th century.
14
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Albania: a nation of unique inter-religious tolerance and steadfast aspirations for EU integration

51%
Melady T. P.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
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2013
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issue 07
13-18
EN
Religious freedom has been always considered as a strong indicator democracy and institutional set up in a country. Ex- communist countries in their efforts to set up a state of law and foster democracy, particularly, are more sensible toward indicators such as religious freedom, tolerance and diversity considering them strong components of their social tissue necessary to set up a functional democracy. Their past legacy and history, are strong factors influencing their present and future. Analyzing the past, present and future of a country’s religiosity, religious freedom and tolerance, represent a valid contribution not only in terms of social assessment. They also compound a first layer for policies and strategies to create open societies and reinforce the institutional set up and rule of law. Albania, among these countries, represents a very unique case of variation in attitudes and relation toward religion along history. But a strong tolerant component characterizes the overall perception and behavior toward religious diversity. A historic, politic and social analysis of the Albanian case of religious tolerance and co-existence, necessary to understand the real western inspiration of the country and its democracy’s future, is the biggest contribution of this paper.
15
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Narco-Cartels: new actors of Irregular Warfare

41%
Fundora C.
Security Forum
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2018
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vol. 2
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issue Volume 2 No 1/2018
105-112
EN
Narco-Cartels are becoming new actors of Irregular Warfare. The purpose of this document is to guide force development, capacity building and create a comprehensive scenario. This research will provide necessary knowledge to analyze the Narco-Cartels ́ strategies and to examine the operational roles of the military, security forces and civil action in countering these threats.
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