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EN
The article examines critically the role of the state in shaping a stable financial sys-tem, taking into account social, doctrinal and institutional factors. No well-functioning state institutions, with the prevailing neo-liberal dogma, is not conducive to the efficient development of the economy, leading to turbulence in the system. The dominant finan-cial sector exerts pressure on the real sphere of the system. Therefore, in this part of the system, state regulations that ensure efficient allocation of cash flows are particularly important.
EN
Crisis is a test on efficiency and stability of political system, on its ability of reac-tion against instable balance and conflict. The feature of contemporary citizen society is high dynamics of development as well as increasing susceptibility to crisis. Crisis forces rationalization of development strategy and reduction of structures. It not only means ra¬tionalization of expenses and orientation towards growth, but also elimination of redun¬dant institution. European Union experienced in the crisis the necessity of using regula¬tions which can bring the balance back. The difficulty in such situations in to combine economic rightness with the primacy of political one.
EN
The aim of the study is to analyze the roles of the state and the market in liberalization of international trade. The article is divided into three parts. Part One identifies determinates of interaction between the state and the market in international economics. Part Two discus¬ses the decision-making mechanism in trade policy. Part Three the possibilities to influence this process by non-state actors, particularly multinational companies.
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EN
The process of globalization are the skurce of challenges and dangers for the natio¬nal state, but they create chances and opportunities for chan ges chich hope for the new order and rebirth of the state in the future. Traditional national state, based on modern principles of rationalism and modernizm has already had its „golden age”. However, it does not mean that the state has become outdated and is to vanish in the process of glo¬balization. On the contrary, the state as an insitution of an economic and social-political order may play a significant role in them. To make it hapten, the hanges of functions, ta¬sks and to ols of the state policy as the social-economic institution are essentials. There¬fore in the process of globalization we may rather expect evolutional transformation of the state role than its complete decline and fall.
EN
Economic crisis in the 20 and the 30 showed limitations of the Neoclassical belief in a market and in the reliability of a market factor. At the same time it eviscerated the fundaments of the liberal vision of a state hanging back from the real economic life. The opponent to the liberal vision of a state and the perfection of a market was John M. Keynes. According to him, the crisis of overproduction was a permanent quality of the monopolistic phase of capitalism. The only remedy to the wrongdoing was a state instruments affected the extent of the effective global demand, so the volume of output, the employment level and the national income.
PL
Opóźnienie gospodarcze i rozbicie terytorialne Niemiec w pierwszych dziesięcioleciach XIX w. zaważyły na dziewiętnastowiecznej niemieckiej myśli ekonomicznej. Przedstawiciele młodszej szkoły historycznej: Max Weber, Werner Sombart czy Gustav von Schmoller, wychodzili z negacji angielsko-francuskiej ekonomii klasycznej, przy czym wyjątkowo krytycznie oceniali jej dorobek w zakresie miejsca państwa w sferze ekonomicznej. Według przedstawicieli młodszej szkoły historycznej państwo nie tylko wspierało rodzimą produkcję, ale także roztaczało opiekę nad każdą jednostką oraz ułatwiało dostęp do dóbr społecznie pożądanych.
EN
The underdevelopment of Germany and its territorial division in the first decades of the 19th century influenced 19th century theory in this country, also the role of the state in the economy. The representatives of the younger historical school: Max Weber, Werner Sombart and Gustav von Schmoller negated English and French classical economy. Moreover, they were extremely critical about its views on the role of the state in the economic sphere. According to the representatives of the younger historical school, the state was supposed not only to support domestic production, but also provide care of every single human being and ease the access to socially desirable goods.
EN
Reforms known as New Public Management in Anglo-Saxon countries are well known to Polish readers, at the same time the literature connected with these reforms implemented in Germany virtually does not exist. The issue of New Public Management settled in Germany is more important to us because structural and functional basis of Polish administration are much more similar to continental than to the Anglo-Saxon model of public administration. The article aims at presenting efforts made to adjust German administration to the efficiency requirements in two ways. The first way are grassroots initiatives taken by local governments whose purpose is to reconfigure their internal structure in order to measure efficiency and gain concrete outputs. The second way is based on deep system-wide reforms: structural, functional and territorial. The specifics of the depicted reforms taken up in Germany are variety and multiple enhanced by federal nature of state; at the same time preferential treatment the rule that administration acts within the law and under the law whose rules reflect classical Weberian's model of public administration.
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