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Przemiany historyczne staromiejskiego bloku nr 27 w Krakowie; dziedziniec Collegium Maius oraz posesja przy ul. św. Anny 10 w świetle ostatnich badań architektonicznych

100%

Hiżycka J., Sławiński S.

Opuscula Musealia

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2011

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vol. 19

91-121

EN

This paper summaries the results of research work conducted at Collegium Maius and Block 27. Owing to research the evolution in the spatial layout and architecture of the entire construction block (No. 27) where these buildings are located was identified. The area was ultimately formed in the year 1300, which was connected with the construction of city walls and final delineation of city borders. From 1400 until around the mid-16th century, Collegium Maius was built in the north-eastern part of the block, while in the second half of the 15th century the brick Collegium Minus was built in the south-western part of the block; next to it a wooden German Dormitory was constructed. Until 1469 the entire western area of the block or at least the larger part thereof was owned by the Jewish Community, including the property at today’s 10 Św. Anny Street, probably along with some houses in Gołębia Street at that time. There were two synagogues – the Old and the New – in the area in that period. After a fire in 1462, in 1469 Jan Długosz purchased the properties and transferred them to the Cracow Academy. For a long time the area was occupied by private houses, as the Academy leased or sold these properties. In 1643 in the north-western part of the block building of the Academy high school – New Classes (12 Św. Anny Street) were constructed. The south-western part of the block was finally taken over by the Academy in the second half of the 17th century; deteriorated houses were demolished and the property incorporated into the Academy garden. Around the mid-19th century, the western wing was added to the building complex of the Classes, overlooking the Planty Park; in 1911 the Witkowski College was built in the south-western part of the block.

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Always Faithful? Confessional Situation in Sixteenth-Seventeenth-Century University of Cracow

75%

Machaj D.

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

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2016

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vol. 60

PL

The article aims at showing in a new light the confessional situation of the University of Cracow in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, using sources omitted in previous research into the topic and thanks to a more detailed analysis of the sources used by other scholars (e.g., Acta rectoralia, university conclusions, rectors’ and professors’ diaries). The Academy of Cracow (as it was called then) was a Catholic institution, thus portraying the attitude of the university’s authorities to non-Catholics in a period of confessional struggle in Cracow and in the Commonwealth seemed promising. Another point was to analyse the possibilities for non-Catholics to function within the walls of the University in different periods of time, as well as to describe the most important events and regulations, which influenced the University’s policy. The author also tried to bring to light the subsequent stages of administrative exclusion (on various levels) of non-Catholic students. However, the contacts of the Academy with religious minorities in Cracow is a matter so complex, that it remained beyond the scope of the article.

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Narodziny kliniki lekarskiej w Polsce

63%

Gryglewski R. W.

Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny

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2011

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vol. 74

13-17

PL

Powyższy artykuł omawia historię powstania pierwszej kliniki lekarskiej w Polsce. We wstępie ukazano zmiany, które zachodziły w medycynie europejskiej w wieku XVIII, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sporu, jaki toczył się pomiędzy zwolennikami mechanistycznego sposobu ujmowania zjawisk życiowych i patologicznych (Hoffmann, la Mettrie) a witalistami reprezentowanymi przez zwolenników Ernsta Stahla, skupionymi głównie w tzw. Szkole Montpellier (Barthez, Bordeu). To właśnie na tle konfrontacji materializmu z holizmem, poszukiwań nowych podstaw diagnostyki i terapii (Cullen, Brown) kształtowała się z wolna idea kliniki lekarskiej, której teoretyczne ramy nadał Hermann Boerhaave, wcielił w życie Gerard van Swieten, a wypełnił treścią Anton de Haen. Powstanie tzw. Starszej Szkoły Wiedeńskiej stanowiło istotny początek nauczania klinicznego w Europie, Z doświadczeń wiedeńskich czerpał Jędrzej Badurski, który u schyłku lat 70. XVIII wieku rozpoczął reformę Wydziału Lekarskiego w Akademii Krakowskiej. W niniejszym artykule, opierając się na źródłach pochodzących z tamtego czasu, podjęto się zrekonstruowania teoretycznych podstaw powstania i praktycznej organizacji pierwszej na ziemiach polskich kliniki. Na podstawie zebranych dokumentów, można przyjąć, że Badurski był w pełni świadom doniosłości swoich decyzji, a podejmując się reformy, czerpał z najnowszych wówczas osiągnięć teorii i praktyki medycznej. Tym samym klinika krakowska w założeniu w niczym nie ustępowała wiodącym ośrodkom klinicznym ówczesnej Europy.

EN

The article presents the history of creation of the first medical clinic in Poland. In the introduction, the changes taking place in the European 18th century medicine have been presented, with particular emphasis given on the development of the dispute between the supporters of a mechanistic way of treatment of life and pathological phenomena (Hoffmann, La Mettrie), and the proponents of vitalism represented by the followers of Ernest Stahl mainly grouped in the so-called School of Montpellier (Barthez, Bordeu). It was the confrontation of materialism and holism that gave way to the exploration of new grounds for diagnosis and treatment (Cullen, Brown) that laid foundations for a medical clinic. The theoretical framework was developed by Hermann Boerhaave, Gerard van Swieten implemented it whereas Anton de Haen filled it with crucial content. The emergence of the so-called Older Viennese School was an important beginning of clinical teaching in Europe. It was the experience of Vienna that drew Jędrzej Badurski, who in the late 1770s began the reform of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Cracow. This article is based mainly on sources from that time, aiming to reconstruct a theoretical basis and practical arrangements for the creation of the first Polish medical clinic. On the basis of the collected documents, it can be assumed that Badurski was fully aware of the importance of his decisions and paid attention to the latest achievements of the medical theory and practice. Thus, the clinic in Cracow was modelled on the leading clinical centers of the contemporary Europe.

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1 Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny

1 Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

1 Opuscula Musealia

1 2016

2 2011

1 Gryglewski R. W.

1 Hiżycka J.

1 Machaj D.

1 Sławiński S.

Przemiany historyczne staromiejskiego bloku nr 27 w Krakowie; dziedziniec Collegium Maius oraz posesja przy ul. św. Anny 10 w świetle ostatnich badań architektonicznych

Always Faithful? Confessional Situation in Sixteenth-Seventeenth-Century University of Cracow

Narodziny kliniki lekarskiej w Polsce