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European experience and Ukrainian realities in the policy of financial support entrepreneurial sector

100%
Savchenko O., Poberezhnyi R.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2017
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vol. 30
117-140
EN
Aim/purpose – We want to provide recommendations to bridge the gap in access to financing of the entrepreneurial sector in Ukraine based on the analysis of European experience, EBF approaches, financial funds for SMEs and the current state of the credit market in Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach – We used the general scientific methods of knowledge, conceptual tenets of the theory of market economy, abstract logical analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical (to determine the nature and causes of bank investment in SMEs, refine categories and terms); formalization, systems analysis (to determine factors of investment banking, institutional and legal environment); statistical, retrospective analysis. The results of surveys conducted by the EBF on the issues of support and development of SMEs are used, own research of 120 Ukrainian SMEs, which was conducted during the period from January to July 2016. The nature of the research questions was reinforced by the decision to survey only SMEs. Independent reporting (from entrepreneurs or CEOs) was used to account for both business activity and the external sources of information. Findings – Policy initiatives should primarily be developed at the national level in the field of lending to SMEs based on the European experience and Ukrainian realities; it is necessary to develop an understanding of the need for access to certain types of information; SMEs are the main providers and the most valuable source of credit information. Research implications/limitations – When using the methods of calculation creditworthiness perhaps to take into account the methods for assessing the quality of management, the image of the enterprise, ISO certificates. Originality/value/contribution – Based on the cross-country comparison of the EU and Ukraine, highlight the necessity of focusing on some legal unification of SME lending procedures for the development of a culture of sustainable entrepreneurship on the European continent.
2
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Polityka bilansowa w zakresie tworzenia odpisów aktualizujących należności kredytowe na przykładzie banku A

86%
Wszelaki A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 201
433-442
EN
Impairment losses on loans are part of the cost of the bank and are an important item in the income statement of the bank, and therefore have an impact on the bottom line of the bank. Impairment losses on loans are therefore one of the most important elements in the bank balance sheet policy. The problem is the lack of harmonization of rules for their creation on the basis of Polish legislation and the International Accounting Standards Board, which is not conducive to the comparability of financial statements of banks.
3
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Social Credit System in the People’s Republic of China. Theoretical Assumption and Implementation

86%
Walkowski M.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2022
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issue 3 (51)
135-153
EN
In the European Union, the United States and other countries of the so-called Western world, the perception of the functionalities of AI, and other instruments of Industrial Revolution 4.0 significantly differs from its perception by the PRC’s authorities, which – for a few years – have been implementing solutions aimed at comprehensive scrutiny and social supervision rather than facilitating life and work. This idea has been reflected in the so-called Social Credit System since at least 2014 and has given rise to plenty of controversies and disputes, unfortunately based on emotions and imprecise interpretation of the characteristics, aims, and implementation of the project rather than knowledge. While the new, digital model of social management in China is extensively discussed in the literature, it is rarely addressed in Polish studies, which results in the scarcity of publications on this subject. This paper attempts to fill this gap by presenting the essence of the system and the progress of its implementation.
4
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Application of the MARS Method to the Evaluation of Grant Applications and Non-Returnable Instruments of Start-Up Business Financing

72%
Roszkowska E., Konopka P.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making
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2016
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vol. 11
153-167
EN
This paper discusses the issue of evaluation of grant and loan proposals submitted by start-up businesses. A multi-criteria model for the evaluation of proposals for start-up business financing is proposed, based on the MARS method and taking into account three criteria: professional experience of the person planning to start a business, evaluation of the business plan, and evaluation of credit history of the applicant. Modelling of the expert’s preferences was based on verbal comparisons of decision variants from the reference set consisting of solutions close to the ideal solution. The usefulness of the model has been verified using data from loan applications submitted to the Business Friendly Fund, operating in one of cooperative banks in the Podlaskie voivodeship.
5
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Optimizing the level of bank credit to promote economic growth. Implications for Poland

72%
Grabowski W., Maciejczyk-Bujnowicz I.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2016
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vol. 269
99-111
EN
Services of the financial sector is one of the most important catalysts of economic growth. The main focus is the analysis of one of the elements characteristic and strongly interacting in recent decades, the participation of credit intermediation in promoting economic growth. The Global Financial Crisis has affected the changes in the architecture of the global financial system. In this paper the main attention is directed towards trying to optimize the bank credit to GDP ratio in the Polish economy We obtained that the optimal level of financial depth is 0.43 in the case of Polish economy. If the financial depth is below this level then it has positive impact on the economic growth. Above this level, financial system in Poland seems to be “too large” compared to the size of the domestic economy. Above this line the financial development hits negative social returns.
PL
Usługi sektora finansowego są jednym z najważniejszych katalizatorów wzrostu gospodarczego. Główna uwaga jest zwrócona w kierunku próby optymalizacji relacji kredytu bankowego do PKB w polskiej gospodarce. Globalny Kryzys Finansowy ponownie ukazał pewne nieprawidłowości w funkcjonowaniu i rozwoju sektora finansowego i jego „przecenionego” oddziaływania na wzrost gospodarczy. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż optymalny poziom udziału kredytów bankowych w stosunku do PKB za lata 2000-2015 wynosi 43%. Poniżej tego poziomu potencjał wzrostowy gospodarki nie jest w pełni wykorzystywany. Jeśli analizowana relacja przekracza 0.43, to wówczas nadmierne zadłużenie gospodarstw domowych i konieczność płacenia wysokich rat hamuje popyt wewnętrzny i prowadzi do niższej stopy wzrostu PKB.
6

Pośrednictwo kredytowe w badaniach statystycznych

72%
Ancyparowicz G.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2009
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issue nr 11
35-53
XX
Pośrednictwo kredytowe nie ma długiej historii w Polsce, ale na podstawie sprawozdań statystycznych, można zauważyć, że działania w tym obszarze rozwijają się bardzo intensywnie. Dobrobyt i wysoki popyt na produkty finansowe w latach 2007 i 2008 wpłynęły na pozytywne wyniki badanych firm. Przedstawiono podstawowe dane dotyczące sektora bankowego oraz obraz pośrednictwa kredytowego w Polsce w dobie kryzysu finansowego.
EN
The credit intermediation has no long history in Poland, but in the scope of statistical reports there is evident, that activity in this area develops very intensively. The prosperity and high demand on financial products in the years 2007 and 2008 affected positive the results of investigated companies. This year will be more difficult, especially for companies which begin their activity or intend to expand their activity. Some banks, fearing for quality of their assets portfolio, are not interested now to gain new cooperation partners, especially with credit brokers. Other banks announce the growth of sale by own external distribution network. In these circumstances the polarization of credit intermediation market will deepen. The process will concern, not only the strictly specialized and financially strongest companies, but first of all the most universal companies, with a wide offer of financial services. These companies can achieve the opportunity to develop.(original abstract)
7
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W jaki sposób mikrofinansowanie pomaga w walce z ubóstwem : studium przypadku Grameen Bank

72%
Janikowska E.
Ekonomia Społeczna
|
2011
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issue 2
75-83
PL
W ostatnim numerze półrocznika "Ekonomia Społeczna" mieli Państwo możliwość zapoznania się z napisaną przez prof. dr hab. Jerzego Hausnera przedmową do polskiego wydania książki Muhammada Yunusa Przedsiębiorstwo społeczne. Kapitalizm dla ludzi. W niniejszym artykule chciałabym przedstawić bliżej koncepcję laureata Pokojowej Nagrody Nobla oraz wpływ, jaki wywarła na poprawę losu ubogich na całym świecie. Celem artykułu nie jest ocena istniejących instytucji finansowych ani systemu finansowego per se.(abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The last issue of Ekonomia Społeczna included Jerzy Hausner's preface to a Polish extract of Building Social Business: The Grameen Bank. In this article, the ideas of the Nobel Peace Prize winner as well as their impacts on the improvement of the lot of poor people worldwide are discussed in more detail. The article does not to aim to assess existing financial institutions or financial systems themselves. (original abstract)
8
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BondSpot SA jako platforma obrotu derywatami kredytowymi

72%
Czech M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 174
199-212
EN
The uncertainty in global economy, enforce the need for more effective management of credit risk. One of the aspects of this management is the use of credit derivatives. Although these instruments have been used for a long time, still are regarded as innovative instruments. In addition, these transactions in Poland still remains outside the regulated market. This causes danger of transforming them in tools that can be toxic and harmful for the Polish financial system. The aim of this study is the attempt to discuss the introduction of innovative financial instruments to over-the-counter-market (OTC). The author asks a question about the possibility of introducing credit derivatives on the regulated market, both in terms of legal aspect and potential of these instruments in the management of the credit risk. The study also presents balance between opportunities and risks of concentration on the regulated market. The study raises the hypothesis, that the introduction of credit derivatives to the organized market increase the potential of the Polish capital market, its innovation and popularity of which Warsaw could become financial center of Central and Eastern Europe.
9
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Wycena kredytów na potrzeby sprawozdawczości finansowej banków

72%
Białas M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2015
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vol. 245
40-49
PL
Tematem artykułu jest wycena kredytów w sprawozdaniach finansowych banków. Przedstawiono metody wyceny kredytów według standardów krajowych i międzynarodowych. Przeprowadzono badania, których celem było sprawdzenie, w jak dużym stopniu suma bilansowa może ulec zmianie, gdyby kredyty należało wyceniać w bilansie według wartości godziwej. Badania dotyczyły wybranych banków notowanych na WGPW. Okazało się, że rozbieżności w wycenie kredytów między wyceną bilansową a godziwą prezentowaną w informacji dodatkowej są nieistotne.
XX
The subject of this study is the valuation of credit in the financial statements of banks. The methods of valuation of loans according to national and international standards are presented. A survey was carried out in order to examine the extent to which the total amount may be changed, if the loans had to be measured in the balance sheet at fair value. The research focused on selected banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. It turned out that the differences in the valuation of loans between the carrying amount and the fair value presented in the notes are irrelevant.
10

Znaczenie kapitału zagranicznego w sektorach bankowych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

72%
Kruszka M.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2011
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issue nr 7-8
85-99
XX
Od początku lat 90. XX w. większość państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej poddanych było procesowi transformacji gospodarczej, której ważną cechę stanowiła odbudowa sektora finansowego działającego na zasadach rynkowych. Towarzyszy temu daleko idąca realizacja idei integracji bardziej i mniej rozwiniętych części naszego kontynentu pod auspicjami Unii Europejskiej (UE). Wśród filarów UE należy wymienić dążenie do ustanowienia wspólnego rynku, pozbawionego (z zasady) przeszkód w międzynarodowym przepływie dóbr rzeczowych, kapitału i usług. W związku z tym europejskie państwa zaliczane do rynków wschodzących zadeklarowały i wdrożyły politykę otwierania się na międzynarodowy przepływ strumieni finansowych. Świadectwem takich tendencji jest silna obecność kapitału zagranicznego w krajowych sektorach bankowych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Jednak światowy kryzys gospodarczy, który (rozpoczynając się w państwach wysoko rozwiniętych) bardzo negatywnie odbił się na gospodarce państw okresu transformacji, zmusił do zastanowienia się, czy kapitałowa zależność banków od zagranicznych korporacji finansowych stanowi istotny czynnik przenoszenia turbulencji z rynku międzynarodowego do krajowego sektora finansowego. Artykuł poświęcono próbie odpowiedzi na to pytanie. (fragment tekstu)
EN
The purpose of this paper is to estimate empirically the relations between credit growth and the presence of foreign banks in the East-Central European countries. A sample of 152 banks from eleven countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) is used in the analysis. The panel estimation technique is used in regressions. The research results show that foreign banks entry can raise credit growth, but it is also connected with some negative effects, because foreign banks can be treated as a transmission channel of turbulence in international financial markets. (original abstract)
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