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EN
The paper describes the legal procedure against Piotr Kosobudzki, one of the Cursed Soldiers, the distinguished commander, the member of the National Armed Forces and of the Emergency Task Forces. Kosobudzki after the Soviets entered Poland in 1944 was arrested and then handcuffed jumped out of the driving train and was hiding for almost three years, then he was again arrested by the Secret Police. Illegally imprisoned Kosobudzki was eventually released because the family of his wife paid to the Polish Secret Police a bribe in the amount of 50 thousand zlotys. In the paper, the contents of some archive documents concerning this case were presented and an attempt to evaluate it legally was made.
PL
W artykule ukazano postępowanie prawne wobec Piotra Kosobudzkiego, jednego z Żołnierzy Wyklętych, zasłużonego dowódcy partyzanckiego, członka Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych i Pogotowia Akcji Specjalnej. Kosobudzki po wkroczeniu Rosjan do Polski w 1944 r. został aresztowany, po czym skuty kajdankami wyskoczył z jadącego pociągu i prawie trzy lata ukrywał się, po czym został ponownie zatrzymany przez UB. Nielegalnie więziony, został w końcu zwolniony z więzienia, ponieważ rodzina jego żony wpłaciła UB łapówkę w wysokości 50 tys. złotych. W tekście przedstawiono zawartość niektórych dokumentów archiwalnych dotyczących tej sprawy i podjęto próbę oceny jej pod kątem prawnym.
EN
The sergeant Jan Grudziński, alias "Płomień" (eng. „Flame”) was born on the 23rd December 1914 in Kąkolewnica. Just before the outbreak of the war, he had served in the 6th Sapper Battalion of the 9th Infantry Division. He fought in the September Campaign. When the campaign had been finished he managed to avoid captivity and settled in his hometown of Rudnik. Jan Grudziński began his underground activity probably in 1941. After the establishment of the ZWZ-AK (The Union of Armed Struggle - Home Army), he conformed to the structures of that organization in Radzyń Podlaski’s District. The activity conducted at that time was focusing on combating informers and gangs, building an intelligence network, organizing sabotage and distributing underground newspapers. The "Flame" took part in the "Burza" operation (eng. Operation „Tempest”). He had participated in battles with the Germans until the 35th Infantry Regiment of the Home Army was disarmed by the Soviets. After the dissolution of the Home Army, he did not reveal himself and continued his struggle with the communist regime as a part of the Resistance Movement, and then the Freedom and Independence Organization. He was in charge of the militia unit in the IV region. Then he was promoted to the rank of sergeant. He took part in the attack on Radzyń Podlaski on New Year's Eve in 1946. After the falsified election, he revealed himself on the commander of the district order, but he hid a part of the weapon. Arrested in July 1947 by the communist Security Office, he was imprisoned in the Castle in Lublin and subjected to a brutal investigation. He was sentenced to death with the verdict of the Military District Court. After the execution, the body of Jan Grudziński was secretly buried, probably in the cemetery at Unicka Street in Lublin.
EN
Tadeusz Kościuszko for Poles and Americans he is a symbol of strive for sovereignty and independence. He was hero for these nations. When Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was falling, he stood against Russian’s agression. History repeated in XX century when the Bolsheviks, seeking to spread communism in Europe, provoked a war. Unfortunately, according to decissions were made on Yalta Conference in Februrary 1945 during The Second World War. The only chance to be independent was guerilla warfare. The struggle was taken by Cursed Soldiers. At that time they were enemies of homeland, now they are hero. One of these who struggled with communist authority was Franciszek Jaskulski “Zagończyk”. He was author’s grandfather. “Zagończyk” was sentenced to death beacuse of his fight for motherland’s independence. His grave hasn’t been found to the present day.
PL
Tadeusz Kościuszko, symbol dążeń do suwerenności i niepodległości państwa, był bohaterem dwóch narodów – Polaków i Amerykanów. W momencie upadku państwa polskiego, pod koniec XVIII wieku, musiał stawić czoła rosyjskiej agresji. Historia powtórzyła się w wieku XX, gdy bolszewicy, dążąc do zalania Europy komunizmem, wywołali wojnę z Polską. Wówczas nasze wojsko zdołało odeprzeć rosyjskie natarcie. Niestety, wobec postanowień konferencji w Jałcie w lutym 1945 roku, jeszcze w trakcie trwającej II wojny światowej, byliśmy bezsilni. Pozostała tylko walka w podziemiu, którą podjęli Żołnierze Wyklęci. W tamtym czasie byli wrogami ojczyzny, obecnie są bohaterami narodowymi. Jednym z żołnierzy walczących z komunistyczną władzą był Franciszek Jaskulski „Zagończyk”, dziadek autorki artykułu. Za walkę o wolność państwa poniósł najwyższą cenę – został skazany na śmierć. Do dzisiaj nie odnaleziono miejsca pochówku „Zagończyka”.
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