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How Roman Are Roman Houses in the Eastern Mediterranean? The House of Leukaktios (Ptolemais, Cyrenaica) and the House of Orpheus (Nea Paphos, Cyprus) as Case Studies

100%
Rekowska M.
Światowit
|
2019
|
vol. 58
107-121
EN
Cyprus and Cyrenaica, two regions strongly influenced by the Alexandrian cultural heritage, which came under the Roman rule already in the 1st century BC, are simultaneously both typical and unusual examples of acculturation understood as a mixture of Hellenistic and Roman components. This is reflected in various spheres of life, including the architecture of the houses owned by members of the urban elite which are investigated in this article. Two residential units – the House of Leukaktios at Ptolemais in Cyrenaica and the House of Orpheus at Nea Paphos in Cyprus – will be presented to discuss different attitudes towards Romanisation from the perspective of an individual as reflected by particular dwellings.
2
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Alexandria, Cyrenaica, Cyprus: Ptolemaic Heritage in Imperial Residential Architecture

88%
Pensabene P.
Światowit
|
2019
|
vol. 58
11-31
EN
The relationship between Alexandria and the architectural traditions of Cyrenaica and Cyprus is currently becoming an important research topic. Beside the clear historical and geographical links, many comparisons specifically between the Cyrenaican and Cypriote architecture and that of Alexandria evidence a strong influence of the latter on both lands. The Alexandrian impact on architecture dates back to the Ptolemaic Period and continued under the Romans until late Antiquity
3
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Historyczne, geograficzne i fortyfikacyjne uwarunkowania obszaru Cyrenajki. Charakterystyka i rola twierdzy Tobruk 1940–1941

63%
Aksamitowski A.
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
|
2014
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issue 3
83-96
EN
The article presents an outline of the history of Cyrenajka, from the ancient times until the seventies of the 20th century. The author focuses on the military development of the region as well as on its geographic determinants important for wartime activities. The fundamental part of the article provides a description of the development of the fortification system of the area of Cyrenajka. The author starts the description from the Lebanese-Egyptian borderline presenting the fortresses of Mersa-Matruh and Sidi-Barani, and then moves on to giving a description of the fortress of Bardia and the fortress of Tobruk, constituting the main area of the defense activities in the region of Cyrenajka. The article includes a detailed characterization of the fortress of Tobruk and its division into three (red, blue and green) defensive lines. The article also presents the defense points of the western part of the area of Cyrenajka – the so called desert position – such as the fortresses of Derna, where the huge airport of Martuba was situated, and the desert fortress of El-Mechili. In the summary, the author assesses the military significance of the fortress of Tobruk and the entire area of , for the course of the military actions undertaken during the Second World War as well as the role of the region after 1945.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zarys historii Cyrenajki, sięgając od czasów antycznych po lata 70. XX wieku. Autor skupił się głównie na ukazaniu militarnego rozwoju tego obszaru, a także jego uwarunkowań geograficznych dla działań wojennych. W zasadniczej części artykułu scharakteryzował rozwój systemu fortyfikacyjnego obszaru Cyrenajki. Wychodząc od pogranicza libijsko-egipskiego, ukazał obozy warowne (twierdze) Mersa-Matruh i Sidi-Barani, a następnie twierdzę Bardia i główny rejon obrony Cyrenajki – twierdzę Tobruk. Szczegółowo scharakteryzowano strukturę forteczną Tobruku i jego podział na trzy (czerwoną, niebieską i zieloną) linie obrony. W artykule przedstawiono także punkty obronne zachodniego obszaru Cyrenajki – tzw. pozycji pustynnej, m.in. forty w Dernie, gdzie znajdowało się wielkie lotnisko – Martuba oraz pustynny fort El-Mechili. W podsumowaniu dokonano oceny znaczenia militarnego tobruckiej twierdzy i całego obszaru Cyrenajki dla przebiegu działań wojennych prowadzonych podczas II wojny światowej a także militarna rolę tego miejsca po 1945 roku.
4
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Edilizia residenziale nel paesaggio urbanistico di Tolemaide in Cirenaica

51%
Żelazowski J.
Światowit
|
2019
|
vol. 58
123-152
EN
The article presents the private houses of Ptolemais’ inhabitants in the context of the history and urban development of a city with a thousand-year-long history. Four periods can be distinguished in the history of Ptolemais: the first since the creation of the city’s final spatial development plan in the 2nd century BC until the Jewish Revolt in 115–117 AD; the second in the 2nd–3rd centuries AD under the sign of development and growing aspirations of Ptolemais; the third in the 4th century AD until the first half of the 5th century AD, when the city served as the capital of the province of Libya Superior; and the fourth, from the end of the 5th century AD until the mid-7th century AD, in which Ptolemais, after a short period of crisis related to the nomad invasions, flourished again until the appearance of the Arabs, marking the end of the ancient city, although not the end of settlement in its area. Within this historical framework, changes in the city’s buildings and the transformation of private houses can be identified, and various cultural influences associated with the arrival of new residents at different times with their baggage of experience or with the more or less significant presence of representatives of the civil and military administration of the Roman Empire can be seen.
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