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K polské recepci české bible 16. století

100%

Malicki J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

2013

vol. 5

issue 2

11-22

Through its older biblical translations Czech provided stimuli for the written language to develop in Poland. In the medieval translation of the Bible into Polish, Czech elements were used to expand the expressive capacity of Polish and to highlight stylistic differences, although in many places the influence of the Czech translation made itself evident at random at the graphic-phonetic and the morphological level. As the Bible was being translated into Polish at the end of the Middle Ages the conviction emerged that forms closer to Czech were stylistically more appropriate. In the first half of the 16th century this became apparent not only in the solutions of writers and translators, but also and particularly in treatises on language and style. On the other hand the development of written Polish and the development of linguistic awareness led translators and editors of the Polish Bible in the latter half of the 16th century to limit the Bohemization of forms, but the influence of Czech Bible texts continued to be substantial. The Melantrich Bible (1549) was used by translators of the Polish Leopolite Bible (1561), while the author of the working version of the mid-16th century Bible translation had the Severýn Bible on his table. Use of a Czech Bible is also admitted in the case of the Polish translation by Jesuit Jakub Wujk (1599). A Czech biblical text also had an influence on more recent Polish translations both through tradition (i.e. older Polish translations) and directly – through the usage of a new Czech translation. The new Czech Bible, the Kralice translation, was known in Poland soon after its publication. It was also recommended as a model translation to translators and editors of the classic Protestant translation, the Gdansk Bible (1632). Here the influence of the Czech text was reflected at the text and editorial level, and sometimes the Kralice translation even provided a specific linguistic solution.

La Bibbia ceca del 1506. Sonda nella cultura del libro in Boemia a cavallo tra XV e XVI secolo

58%

D'Amico T.

Fabrica Litterarum Polono-Italica

2022

issue 4

1-17

In 1506, the printer Liechtenstein published the “Biblij Cžeská w Benátkach tisšten” (Bohemian Bible printed in Venice). The Venetian Bible (as it is commonly called) was written in Czech and was commissioned by three Prague residents. This article aims to show the Czech Bible of 1506 as an interesting “object” that somehow connects two very distant cultural realities of the early sixteenth century: Venice, the most important center of European printing, especially humanist printing, and Prague, the center of Utrakism. This study will focus on three aspects: the situation of Bohemian printing art in the early sixteenth century, which has received the most attention; the reasons why the Bible is a “printed artifact”; and finally, the choice of Venice as the place of publication. The paper concludes with a brief reflection on the legacy of the Venetian Bible – a hybrid of two book cultures.

W 1506 roku drukarz Liechtenstein wydał w Wenecji „Biblij Cžeská w Benátkach tisšten” (Biblia czeska drukowana w Wenecji). Biblia wenecka (jak powszechnie się ją nazywa) była napisana w języku czeskim i została zamówiona przez trzech mieszkańców Pragi. Praca ma na celu zbadanie czeskiej Biblii z 1506 roku jako ciekawego „przedmiotu”, który w pewien sposób łączy dwie bardzo odległe rzeczywistości kulturowe z początku XVI wieku: Wenecję, najważniejsze centrum europejskiego drukarstwa, szczególnie humanistycznego, i Pragę – centrum utrakwizmu. Niniejsze badanie skoncentruje się na trzech aspektach: sytuacji czeskiej sztuki drukarskiej na początku XVI wieku, której poświęcono najwięcej miejsca; powodach, dla których Biblia jest „artefaktem drukowanym”; wreszcie wyborowi Wenecji jako miejsca publikacji. Praca kończy się krótką refleksją nad dziedzictwem Biblii weneckiej – hybrydy dwóch kultur książkowych.

Nel 1506 esce a Venezia, presso lo stampatore Liechtenstein, la Biblij Cžeská w Benátkach tisšten (Bibbia ceca stampata a Venezia). La Bibbia di Venezia (come è comunemente indicata) è in ceco ed è commissionata da tre cittadini praghesi. Il lavoro intende indagare la Bibbia ceca del 1506 come un “oggetto” curioso che, in qualche modo, unisce a inizio del XVI secolo due realtà culturali molto distanti tra loro: quella di Venezia, centro nevralgico della stampa europea e in particolare di quella umanista, e quella di Praga, centro dell’utraquismo. Tale indagine si soffermerà su tre aspetti: la situazione della stampa ceca a inizio Cinquecento, cui verrà dedicato maggiore spazio; i motivi alla base della Bibbia come testo da stampare; infine, le criticità della scelta di Venezia. Conclude il lavoro una breve riflessione sul lascito della Bibbia di Venezia, un ibrido di due culture del libro, nella storia della stampa ceca.

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1 Fabrica Litterarum Polono-Italica

1 Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

1 2022

1 2013

1 D'Amico T.

1 Malicki J.

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K polské recepci české bible 16. století

La Bibbia ceca del 1506. Sonda nella cultura del libro in Boemia a cavallo tra XV e XVI secolo