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1
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Czeska historiografia dziejów najnowszych

100%
Kamiński Ł.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2004
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issue 1(5)
373-383
2

Lire pour vivre: French Cultural History of Reading and Its Reception in Recent Czech Historiography

80%
Kašparová J.
Acta Comeniana (International review of Comenius studies and early modern intellectual history)
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2007
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vol. 20-21
209-235
EN
This article deals with the origin and development of the academic discipline of history of reading and reading practices, originating in connection with new historical thinking in French historiography from the mid-twentieth century, with the so called Annales School or the nouvelle histoire. The history of book culture ceased to be understood as the traditional concept of merely history of the book and book printing; book studies were enriched by a sociological dimension and encompassed the history of reading, of reading materials, and of readers’ practices. The article sums up the results of French research and surveys the most substantial works, institutions and personalities which contributed to the origin of the new discipline, especially with the ideas of Roger Chartier. In his works, Chartier rejects both the view which does not take into account the period’s social, political and cultural practices in which the work originated and which explains the text only on the basis of the impersonal and automatic operation of the language (the history of the book without authors and readers), and also the psychologising approaches, which on the other hand attempt to interpret the origin of the text as the act of an author’s creative genius. An analysis of the form and the content of the oral, manuscript and printed texts (the method of noting or ordering of the text in the space given by the origin of the book – that is, in the context of a page, its layout, etc.) is inseparable from the study of history of the reader’s appropriations. Chartier borrowed the term appropriation from sociologists, but its application in the field of book studies makes it easier to recognise and explain phenomena such as the concept of ‘popular culture’ (in the sense of a certain method of using texts, transforming them and adapting them to the needs of the subsequent communities), which has led him to study texts which were in some way exceptional and those which were widely received. An important accomplishment by Chartier is the differentiation between two basic types of readers’ practices – intensive, oral reading; and extensive, visual reading. The transition from one form to the other was gradual and fluent and made possible the coexistence of both types. He then interprets the history of the book as the history of readers’ practices, and divides it into three basic stages – trois revolutions – in the development of writing and reading (the emergence of the codex; the expansion of silent reading as a consequence of the discovery of book printing and the associated rise of mass book production in the second half of the eighteenth century; and the rise of computer technology and internet reading and writing). Chartier concentrated his research primarily on the behaviour and activity of the reader, but this does not mean he understands readership practices only as the mere ‘anthropological’ history of reading methods, attitudes and gestures, and of reading spaces. A number of human factors took part in the production of the text, its circulation and interpretation (from the author in the widest sense of the word, through the editor, patron, printer, publisher and bookseller or colporteur as far as the reader), which are set into the specific historical situation and determined politically, socially and culturally. This article indicates in what ways the research of French and world historiography in the fi eld of the history of book culture can inspire Czech book studies, which still undervalues new trends aimed at the study of reading materials and readership practices and, unlike the general historiography, it does not take into account the new approaches in the spirit of the Annales School, is not even very much aware of such study (there is no institutional background in the Czech Republic able to develop such research consistently). Nevertheless, certain fundamentals of a newly and more widely concept of book studies have been posed. Chartier’s key works have still not been translated into Czech, but in 2007 the internationally famous and popular publication by the renowned specialist Albert Manguel, The History of Reading, at least came out in Czech translation. The author is convinced that research into the history of Czech book culture should continue both in classical book studies research aimed at the up to now partly unmapped history of book printing and history of book production (in spite of the recently published monumental Encyklopedie knihy by Petr Voit), and in research concerning the history of reading and reading materials, readership reception and readership practices.
3
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Druhý život Jana Zhořeleckého? Obraz vévody a jeho vévodství v historiografii 16. až 19. století

70%
Zdichynec J.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 1
62-75
EN
The article deals with the „second image“ of Duke John of Görlitz (1370–1396) in Czech and Upper Lusatian historiography of the 16th to 19th century. It analyses the roots of the stereotype linked with this political figure and it comes to the conclusion that the youngest son of Charles IV holds only a marginal place in the historic narrative about Upper Lusatia.
4
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Pojetí selských písmáků, a zvláště F. J. Vaváka českým dějepisectvím na přelomu třicátých a čtyřicátých let 20. století

70%
Pánek T.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
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2017
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vol. 9
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issue 1
23-34
EN
The study analyses the concepts of peasant scribes and in particular F. J. Vavák in the works by Zdeněk Kalista, František Kutnar and Bedřich Slavík in the period of the Second Republic and the first years of the Nazi occupation. It notes the broader temporal factors influencing their interpretations, and the sources they drew on in formulating their theses.
5
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Možnosti výzkumu katolické církve v českých zemích v raném období komunistické diktatury

61%
Pácha M.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 2-3
350-362
EN
In the author’s opinion, research projects dealing with the Catholic Church in the Czech Lands since the instalment of the Communist regime in 1948 are somewhat closed in that there is very little communication between “ecclesiastic” and “nonecclesiastic” historians. The article aims to describe causes of the situation and propose a way in which research into the history of the Catholic Church in the period referred to above could be included in broader discussions about the nature of the Communist dictatorship. The author opines that one of the reasons of the introversion is an intensive overreliance on works of the historian Karel Kaplan, which turns the attention of researchers away from topics not directly related to the repression of the Catholic Church and its representatives. In addition, the author questions the stereotypical presentation of the Communist Party and the Catholic Church in post-war Czechoslovakia as two irreconcilable opponents, mentioning their overall consensus and important contact points during the so-called Third Republic (1945–1948), using the example of the Communist historian and politician Zdeněk Nejedlý (1878–1962) and the Catholic author Adolf Kajpr (1902–1959), and also certain intersections of the Communist and the Catholic identities since 1948. The study outlines a possibility to capture the issue using a prism of concepts of legitimacy and hegemony based on the situation prevailing during the existence of the Third Republic, and thus open the research to new questions.
CS
Výzkumy zabývající se katolickou církví v českých zemích po nastolení komunistického režimu v roce 1948 se podle autora vyznačují jistou uzavřeností v tom smyslu, že nefunguje komunikace mezi „církevními“ a „necírkevními“ historiky. Cílem článku je popsat příčiny této situace a navrhnout jednu z možných cest, které by mohly bádání o dějinách katolické církve v tomto období zapojit do širších diskusí o povaze komunistické diktatury. Autor dochází k závěru, že jedním z důvodů zmíněné uzavřenosti je intenzivní přejímání prací Karla Kaplana, které odvádí pozornost badatelů od témat, jež nesouvisejí přímo s represí proti katolické církvi a jejím osobnostem. Dále autor zpochybňuje stereotypní obraz komunistické strany a římskokatolické církve v poválečném Československu jako dvou nesmiřitelných protivníků, když upozorňuje na jejich celkový konsenzus a důležité styčné body v období takzvané třetí republiky (1945–1948), především na příkladu komunistického historika a politika Zdeňka Nejedlého (1878–1962) a katolického publicisty Adolfa Kajpra (1902–1959), a také na určité průniky komunistické a katolické identity po roce 1948. Studie nastiňuje možnost uchopit danou problematiku prizmatem konceptů legitimity a hegemonie, které by vycházely z poměrů v období třetí republiky a umožnily by otevřít výzkum novým otázkám.
6
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Between Adam Smith and Walter Scott: Scottish Enlightenment and Romanticism in the Czech Culture of the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

51%
Procházka M.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2020
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vol. 17
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issue 2
57-69
7
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Česká medievistika a studium benediktinského mnišství na území dnešní České republiky (s důrazem na období 1990-2018)

41%
Šrámek J.
Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne
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2022
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vol. 14
11-55
DE
Der Artikel befasst sich mit den Studien der modernen tschechischen Mediävistik über das mittelalterliche Mönchtum der Benediktiner auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Tschechischen Republik. Der Autor konzentriert sich in erster Linie auf die Veränderungen, die das Revolutionsjahr 1989 durch das Ende der marxistisch orientierten Geschichtsschreibung mit sich brachte. Der Schwerpunkt wird dabei auf die Profilierung der Forschungsergebnisse im Bereich von Geschichtswissenschaft, historischen Hilfswissenschaften, Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte aus den Jahren 1990-2018 gelegt. Für die Zwecke des erforderlichen vergleichenden Kontextes wird auch die Entwicklung der tschechischen kritischen Geschichtsschreibung seit der Wende des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1948-1989, die in vielerlei Hinsicht einen prägenden Einfluss auf die moderne Geschichtsschreibung hatten, verfolgt.
EN
The paper deals with the development of Czech medieval studies on ecclesiastical and religious history, with a focus on the study of the history of medieval Benedictine monasticism. The author sketches the historiography of his subject since the emergence of critical Czech historiography during the 19th century and points out the problems that such a profiled study had to face between 1948 and 1989 under the dominance of Marxist-orchestrated historiography. The bulk of the paper then presents an outline of the development in the field of study after the fall of the communist regime, i.e. in the years 1990-2018.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano badania współczesnej czeskiej mediewistyki nad średniowiecznym monastycyzmem benedyktyńskim na terenie współczesnych Czech. Autor koncentruje się na zmianach, jakie w czeskiej historiografii przyniósł rewolucyjny rok 1989, który oznaczał koniec paradygmatu marksistowskiego, dlatego też skupia się na profilowaniu wyników badań w dziedzinie historii, pomocniczych nauk historycznych, archeologii i historii sztuki z lat 1990-2018. Dla niezbędnego kontekstu porównawczego szkicuje jednak także rozwój czeskiej historiografii krytycznej od przełomu XIX i XX wieku, z naciskiem na lata 1948-1989, które pod wieloma względami wpłynęły na kształt współczesnej historiografii.
8
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Několik (o)bludných cest české historiografie posledních třiceti let

36%
Nečasová D.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2023
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vol. 30
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issue 1
169-174
EN
In this discussion paper, presented at the Sixteenth Congress of the Slovak Historical Society (Slovenská historická spoločnosť) on 6 September 2022 in Banská Bystrica, Denisa Nečasová reflects on contemporary Czech historiography, especially contemporary history. She focuses on those trends that she considers problematic or negative. The first of these is the persistent positivist approach of many works that avoid historical interpretation and let the facts "speak for themselves". Paradoxically, however, implicit interpretations of the past sneak in, most often in the form of nationalist and anti-communist stereotypes. Politicization and ideologization, as the second negative trend in Czech contemporary history, are applied, as Nečasová argues, especially to the communist period and burden the dispute between the proponents of the theory of totalitarianism and historical revisionism, which in recent years has been litigated in the Czech academic as well as public sphere. As a third unfortunate trend, the author points to the methodological disregard of gender structures and gendered aspects of society in most historical research. This is related to the disproportionately low representation of Czech women historians in the field, and especially in its leading positions.
CS
V tomto diskusním příspěvku, předneseném na 16. sjezdu Slovenské historické společnosti dne 6. září 2022 v Banské Bystrici, se autorka zamýšlí nad současnou českou historiografií, zvláště soudobých dějin. Zaměřuje se přitom na ty její trendy, které pokládá za problematické či negativní. První z nich spatřuje v přetrvávajícím pozitivistickém přístupu řady prací, které se vyhýbají historické interpretaci a nechávají mluvit fakta takzvaně samy za sebe. Paradoxně se pak do nich ovšem vkrádají implicitní interpretace minulosti, nejčastěji v podobě nacionalistických a antikomunistických stereotypů. Politizace a ideologizace jako druhý negativní trend českých soudobých dějin se pak uplatňují zvláště ve vztahu k období komunismu a zatěžují spor mezi zastánci teorie totalitarismu a historického revizionismu, který se vede v posledních letech v České republice značně vypjatě i ve veřejném prostoru. Jako třetí neblahý trend identifikuje autorka metodologické ignorování genderové struktury a aspektů společnosti ve většině historických výzkumů. S tím souvisí disproporčně nízké zastoupení českých historiček v oboru, a zejména v jeho vedoucích pozicích.
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