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Patří Miroslav Tyrš k herbartovské estetické škole?

100%
Matúšek M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 5
705-724
XX
It is known that Miroslav Tyrš engaged intensively with philosophy, aesthetics and the history of creative art, even if his participation in the emergence of the sport and gymnastics organisation Sokol is more striking. In view of the fact that Tyrš’s work is an interesting symbiosis or eclecticism from several philosophical and aesthetic streams rather than a tight synthesis, I have attempted to point to one overlooked aspect of Tyrš’s work by stressing his affinity to the Czech aesthetic Herbartian tradition. Tyrš was a direct pupil of the eminent systematic Herbartian aesthetician Robert Zimmermann, and we can trace the influence of Zimmermann’s thought in Tyrš’s work, above all in the articles “Gymnastics from the Aesthetic Point of View” and “On the Laws of Composition in Creative Art”. Tyrš attempted to formulate the principles which every aesthetic creative aim should conform to, and he endeavoured to specificy the formal laws of compositional-construction in creative work, founded on empirical research. I treat it as demonstrable that this endeavour puts Tyrš in the tradition of concrete formalism, which is most prominently represented in Czech culture by Otakar Hostinský.
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Miroslav Tyrš – „filosofie“ aktivního národního života

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Matúšek M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 2, Special No: Hledání ztraceného času
91-107
EN
Tyrš originally contemplated a scientific career in the field of philosophy but his theoretical interest gradually turned to aesthetics and plastic arts. T e specific culmination of his activities was his role of a founder of the gymnastic association Sokol in this his theoretical experiencefocused in the form of a distinctive “philosophy of living”. The author of this essay seeks to show a deeper philosophic and aesthetic level which shaped Tyrš’s Sokol idea. – Tyrš activism found a philosophic parallel in Schopenhauer’s voluntarism. Darwin’s conception of “struggle for sur¬vival” helped justify Tyrš’s conception of an armed and culturally active nationalism. Tyrš was fascinated with the mature culture of ancient Greece and in his conception Sokol was to be an embodiment of classic values in modern conditions.
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Traktát Stanislava ze Znojma „De vero et falso“

88%
Sousedík S.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 6
831-857
EN
Stanislav of Znojmo (died 1414), a professor of the Prague Theological Faculty, first a teacher and friend to Jan Hus, but then his decided opponent, wrote a comprehensive treatise, probably around 1403, entitled De vero et falso. The subject of my article is an analysis of the content of this work. In it, Stanislav deals with the question of the truth of a proposition and the problem of its truth-maker. The question of the truth-maker falls into the area of metaphysics, and so the author speaks of metaphysi­cal truth. In so far as metaphysical truth is concerned, Stanislav of Znojmo defends a decidedly realist standpoint, judging that categorematic expressions are not alone in having real counterparts in the world, but syncategorematic expressions (for example, statement conjunctions, words expressing negations and so on) also have such counterparts. Stanislav’s treatise, in its overall orientation, belongs to propositionalism, a trend in logical thought widespread at the end of the Middle Ages. Although the author of the treatise De vero et falso does not cite contemporary authors, he shows a knowledge of some exponents of propositional logic (namely Gregory of Rimini, for example). His main inspiration, however, is undoubtedly the work of John Wyclif.
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Proměny sporu o svobodu české filosofie

88%
Hermann T.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 2, Special No: Hledání ztraceného času
49-73
EN
Study analyses public philosophic debate in 1844–48 in which topic of distinctively “Czech philosophy” was first articulated and discussed as a “debate about the being and non-being of German philosophy in Czech lands”. Author acquaints reader with intellectual context of arising Czech philosophy in first half of 19th century, based on conceptual influence of Herder, Hegel and Herbart. Starting point of that discussion was role of philosophy as academic subject at University and as part of literature and culture generally. In an analysis of the debate and of positions of chief participants (K. Havlíček, V. Gabler, F. Čupr, A. Smetana, K. B. Štorch) study shows that as subject of reflection the discussion included prob¬lems of philosophy in Czech language, place and role of philosophy in the Czech lands, of special traits of Czech “national” philosophy, its limits and possibilities, of reception of German classical philosophy and finally even meta-philosophical question of what philosophy is or ought to be in general. Two examples of the way this debate was recalled and updated in the 20th century in quite different situation of the period between the wars (F. Pelikán) and after the wars (K. Kosík) – in the twenties and in the fifties – show subsequently the transformed contexts and problems of modern Czech philosophy. Analysis of the debate and its heritage are placed within the overall discussion of what Czech philosophy is from linguistic, territorial, national and factual viewpoint.
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Koncept nepolitické politiky v díle Ladislava Hejdánka

63%
Hejduk T.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 4
541-559
EN
This study presents Ladislav Hejdánek’s conception of non-political politics. It attempts to systematize Hejdánek’s unsystematic contributions to the subject. The overall conception can be based not on anti-politics, but on the mutual struggle against a) the expansion of politics into the sphere of the non-political, and b) the political’s abandonment of its bonds with the non-political sphere. With this ambiguity is linked the characterization of non-political politics – as, on the one hand, a form of education and of the transformation of consciousness, and on the other hand as only “mediating,” overseeing activity along the lines of the transport police. This duality also reflects the twofold nature of power politics – the correct (here it is necessary to educate) and the incorrect (here it is necessary, above all, to oversee) – and of the presence of the politics of interest in power politics. Another specific property of Hejdánek’s non-political politics stems from its democratic character which is here, however, above all an inner activity based in Christianity.
CS
Studie představuje koncept nepolitické politiky Ladislava Hejdánka. Usiluje systemizovat Hejdánkovy nesystematické příspěvky k tomuto tématu. Hejdánkovo pojetí lze podle autora vystavět na vzájemnosti boje proti a) expanzi politiky do sfér nepolitických a b) politickém zbavování se vazeb na sféry nepolitické. K této dvojznačnosti se váže určení nepolitické politiky jako na jedné straně formy vzdělávání a proměny vědomí a na straně druhé pouhé „prostředečné“, hlídačské aktivity typu dopravní policie. Dvojakost rovněž odpovídá dvojímu typu mocenské politiky – pravé (tu je potřeba vzdělávat) a nepravé (tu je potřeba především hlídat) – a přítomnosti politiky zájmů v politice mocenské. Další specifika Hejdánkovy nepolitické politiky, která ovšem není antipolitická, pramení z jejího demokratizačního charakteru, který je především niternou aktivitou, jejíž základy spočívají v křesťanství.
DE
In der vorliegenden Studie wird das Konzept der unpolitischen Politik Ladislav Hejdáneks vorgestellt. Ziel ist eine Systematisierung von Hejdáneks unsystematischen Beiträgen zu diesem Thema. Die Grundauffassung sollte unseres Erachtens nicht auf einer Anti-Politik aufgebaut werden, sondern auf der Gegenseitigkeit des Kampfes gegen: a) die Expansion der Politik in unpolitische Sphären und b) die politische Trennung der Verbindungen zu unpolitischen Sphären. Mit dieser Doppeldeutigkeit ist die Bestimmung der unpolitischen Politik einerseits als Form der Bildung und des Bewusstseinswandels und andererseits als bloße „vermittelnde“, aufpasserische Tätigkeiten als eine Art Verkehrspolizei verbunden. Diese Doppelrolle entspricht auch den beiden Typen der Machtpolitik – der richtigen (auf die sich der Bildungsbedarf bezieht) und die falsche (für die Wächterfunktionen erforderlich sind) – und der Gegenwart der Interessenpolitik in der Machtpolitik. Weitere Eigenheiten von Hejdáneks unpolitischer Politik ergeben sich aus deren demokratisierendem Wesen, die hier freilich vor allem ein innerer Vorgang ist, dessen Grundlagen im Christentum zu finden sind.
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Slovak Academic Philosophy: Its Origins, Development and Current State

63%
Zigo M.
Human Affairs
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 1
52-65
EN
The paper introduces the foreign reader to the main factors associated with the emergence of Slovak academic philosophy as well as to the ways in which it has developed, and also to those factors that have complicated or delayed its progress since 1921 when the Faculty of Philosophy, along with its Philosophical Seminars, began functioning at the newly-founded University of Comenius (1919), up to the present day.
7
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Tomizm czeski w latach 1879-1948

63%
Taboł S.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2015
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vol. 4
239-248
EN
The article begins from the state of research on the history of Thomistic philosophy to the Czech Republic. It discusse the most important figures of the Czech Thomism in 1897-1948 taking them in two generations of scholars. The particular attention is devoted to the Thomist environment Dominican Order from Olomouc who were publishing quarterly Filosofická revue in 1929-1948. As an example of the work of Czech Thomists author discusses an issue connected with the philosophical and theological aspects of upbringing the man. The achievements of Czech Thomists compared with whole Czech philosophy in author’s opinion is considerable: they organized International Conference of Thomistic Philosophy, they founded a magazine which was up to the global mark and published in it among others Maritain, Husserl, Patočka, they discussed about the latest philosophical currents and they reviewed philosophical dissertations from whole world. Czech Thomists’ writer activity also is very important: they published a lot of textbooks, monographs, dissertations and articles. Not all aims of Czech philosophers realized but they ordered relationships between faith and science. It was the reason treating Thomism in Republic Czech as a methodological thoroughness paragon.
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Charakterystyka filozofii czeskiej przełomu XIX i XX wieku

51%
Taboł S.
ΣΟΦΙΑ. Pismo Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich
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2015
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issue 15
171-192
RU
Чешская философия XIX–XX веков была разнообразной. Кроме позитивизма, который в то время занимал лидирующие позиции, также культивируется идеализм, который представляли: Л. Клима, Ф. Марес, Е. Радл. Также важное место занимал структурализм, который в Чешской Республике сформулировали и укоренили Я. Мукаровский и Й.Л. Фишер. Особенное место занимала феноменология (Я. Козак, Я. Паточка), протестантская философия (Е. Радл, Я. Громадка), католическая философия (Я. Кратохвил). В этот же период возникает также неосхоластика. Чешские философы внесли огромный вклад в развитие мировой философии.
EN
Czech philosophy of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was diverse. Besides positivism, which at that time took the leading positions there was also cultivated idealism, which was represented by L. Klima, F. Mares and E. Radl. Also an important place occupied structuralism, which in the Czech Republic was formed and grounded by Jan Mukařovski and J.L. Fischer. Specific place was held by the phenomenology (J. Kozák, J. Patočka), protestant philosophy (E. Rádl, J.L. Hromádka), catholic philosophy (J. Kratochvil). In this period also appeared neo-scholasticism. Czech philosophers had a great contribution to the development of world philosophy.
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T. G. Masaryk a Edmund Husserl : K pojmu humanity

51%
Trnka J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 5
789-804
EN
The article focuses on possible convergences and parallels in Masaryk’s and Husserl’s thought, with a special emphasis on their similar conceptions of humanity. At issue, at the same time, is a polemical exchange with Patočka’s interpretation of their mutual relation, in which Patočka stresses rather the opposition of ideas and divergence in philosophical method in the overall orientation of both authors. The main themes are the resemblances between Masaryk’s and Husserl’s relation to subjectivism by a critique of Kant’s transcendental method, an orientation to a shared world as the set of historically conditioned intersubjective validities, and resemblances between psychologism and titanism. The main similarity is, however, discerned in the analogical conception of humanity, even if this concept is developed in each author in a rather different conceptual framework.
CS
Článek se zaměřuje na možné konvergence a paralely v Masarykově a Husserlově myšlení, a to zejména s důrazem na jejich podobné pojetí humanity. Ve svém jádru je zároveň polemikou s Patočkovou interpretací jejich vzájemného vztahu, v níž Patočka zdůrazňuje spíše myšlenkové opozice a protichůdnost ve filosofické metodě i celkovém zaměření obou autorů. Hlavními tématy jsou podobnosti mezi Masarykovým a Husserlovým vztahem k subjektivismu, kritikou Kantovy transcendentální metody, zaměřením na sdílený svět jakožto soubor dějinně podmíněných intersubjektivních platností nebo příbuznosti mezi psychologismem a titanismem. Hlavní podobnost je ovšem spatřována v analogickém pojetí humanity, ačkoli je tento pojem u obou autorů rozvíjen v odlišném pojmovém rámci.
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MILAN MACHOVEC – MARKSISTOWSKI „PROROK” HUMANISTYCZNEGO DIALOGU?

51%
Puzia R.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
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2015
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vol. 58
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issue 1
51-66
EN
The article presents the problem of understanding of the concept of the Marxist – Christian dialogue in the thought of the Czech Marxist philosopher Milan Machovec. The author of the article poses the question about the possibility of such dialogue and by taking notice to the tree aspects, he tries to give the answer to this question. The article presents first the most important stages in the biography of Machovec, then analyzes understanding of the issue of God and of the issue of dialogue in the thought of the Czech philosopher. This made it possible to outline the context, in which it is possible to answer the question about the possibility of the Marxist – Christian dialogue.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje zagadnienie rozumienia pojęcia dialogu marksistowsko-chrześcijańskiego w myśli czeskiego filozofa nurtu marksistowskiego Milana Machoveca. Autor artykułu stawia zapytanie o możliwość takiego dialogu i poprzez zwrócenie uwagi na trzy aspekty próbuje dać na nie odpowiedź. W artykule zaprezentowano najpierw najważniejsze etapy z biografii Machoveca, następnie dokonano analizy rozumienia zagadnienia Boga i zagadnienia dialogu w myśli czeskiego filozofa. Pozwoliło to zarysować kontekst, wobec którego jest możliwa próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwość dialogu marksistowsko-chrześcijańskiego.
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