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Raport
|
2018
|
vol. 13
97-112
EN
The paper presents two important complexes of archaeological sites in Czermno and Gródek in Lublin Voivodeship. Their character, research history, state of preservation, ownership status, threats, state of archaeological research and current forms of heritage protection are discussed. The conclusions of the study indicate the need for further archaeological research of an interdisciplinary nature as well as the necessary actions related to preventing further destruction, including changes in the scope of legal protection. The paper ends with the postulate of establishing the “Czermno-Gródek Archeological Open-air Museum” an organizational unit, which would be responsible for the protection and preservation of both archaeological complexes, and would coordinate further research focusing on these sites.
EN
This paper discusses some problems related to the conservation of two archaeological complexes in Czermno and Gródek in the Lublin Voivodeship. Their characteristics and research history are described in detail, along with their preservation state, ownership status, risks, and current heritage conservation activities. The conclusions presented in the paper are related to the need for further scientific, interdisciplinary research, conservation efforts, and changing their protection status as defined by law. Finally, a proposal is made to found a Czermno-Gródek open-air museum, which would make these tasks easier
|
2019
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vol. LXX
|
issue 70
250-260
EN
The settlement complex at Czermno (south-eastern Poland) (Fig. 1) is identified with Cherven, the main town of so-called Cherven Towns. On the basis of “The Primary Chronicle” and the results of previous archaeological research, it can be estimated that this site was functioning approximately from the middle of the 10th to the middle of the 13th century. The archaeological site consists of a stronghold, boroughs and cemeteries, located directly near the riverbank of the Huczwa River, on both banks. Some parts of this settlement complex are linked together with wooden bridges, whose relics are visible on the ground level of today’s meadows (Fig. 2, 3). The article presents the results of archaeological prospection of one such construction, located almost directly in front of the gate of the stronghold. During this project, a total of 68 piles were documented (Fig. 4, 5). The Digital Elevation Model allows us to estimate that the bridge was approximately 275 m long and 3 m wide. Radiocarbon analyses of four wood samples from the bridge have shown that the construction was probably built in the 2nd half of the 10th century and likely functioned uninterruptedly until the middle of the 13th century. Therefore, it would be one of the oldest constructions within the discussed archaeological site.
EN
The subject of this article is the history of studies on the Polish-early Rus’ borderland, mainly so-called Cherven’ Towns, i.e. the strongholds of Czermno and Gródek in eastern Poland. I focus on the post-war period (until 1956), but in order to present the events of that time in the proper context it is necessary to briefly go back in time to the Second Republic of Poland and the years 1939-1945. The origins of interest in a systematic analysis of the Cherven’ Towns region can be tracked back to Lwów/L’viv in the 1930s. World War II thwarted the plans and goals made at that time. After 1945, studies on the gords in Czermno and Gródek were restarted and from 1952 excavations on this territory were carried out – officially – as part of Polish-Soviet cooperation. The excavations were abandoned in rather unclear circumstances. The article shows how the dramatic changes in Europe in the mid-20th century influenced the attitudes of scholars, including archaeologists, at that time.
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