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Študijné zvesti
|
2021
|
vol. 68
|
issue 2
193 - 226
EN
A selection of unpublished samples of Eneolithic daub with distinct construction imprints are the information source of the study. Based on them, constructional bindings and methods of not only production, commercial features (reinforced hearths, domed kilns, production-commercial structures with light construction/roofing) or functionally specifically designed settlement features (linear fence/enclosure) can be created. Individual samples come exclusively from several Baden settlement features (find contexts) selected from prehistoric sites of eastern Slovakia (Brehov, Kašov, Prešov-Solivar, Šarišské Michaľany, Veľká Lomnica, Zemplínske Hradište, Zemplínske Kopčany), where many unanswered questions remain in the Eneolithic settlement. After evaluation of the daub, it is clear that basically almost identical or similar technological, constructional and building methods (solutions) occur in all cases of architectural reconstruction of construction blocks and constructional-architectonic complexes. The methods differ from each other only with small construction alternations, i.e. presence/absence of construction elements, construction bindings or construction forms. Some are complemented with specific technological-constructional design.
EN
The hillfort of Smolenice-Molpír on the eastern slope of the Malé Karpaty is undoubtedly one of the most important settlement sites of the northeast alpine Hallstatt culture. A multilateral fortification system, more than 60 house floors, a “cult place” and a cistern were excavated from 1963 to 1971 by M. Dušek. The lack of attention for this site can be traced back to the problematic publication of its features and finds. However, recent revisions of the selected materials provided promising new insights into the different topics regarding the settlement. The article deals with two fragments of burned clay from the house 46 and 54 of Smolenice-Molpír. Both clay fragments show partly destroyed decoration of Z-shaped and round elements. The pattern on the piece from house 54 could have been created by pressing a pendant, similar to the one published by N. Sándorfi, in the wet clay. The examination of artifacts from the Molpír settlement highlights the rare usage of the Z-shaped decoration; it can be observed, for example, on one of the two dense decorated loom weights from the house 17. The Z-shapes were also put on one of the famous bronze hands and cist lids from barrows of Kleinklein. Water bird headed pendants in Z-shape as well as depictions of the goddess with triangulate body and angular arms suggest an interpretation of the Z-shape as stylized water bird. Ornamenting the house wall with this pattern can be understood as a communication with the supernatural sphere to prevent mischief from the house and its inhabitants.
EN
Various archaeological features dated back to several historical periods have been uncovered during the rescue excavation of settlement site in Hurbanovo-Bohatá. The aim of this work is to present results of archaeobotanical analysis dealing with plant macro-remains from the soil samples and several types of imprints in daub and pottery from Early Medieval features, especially those from 8th cent. AD. The soil samples were taken only from one archaeological feature (5/05) as a judgement samples. Fragments of daub and pottery were found in archaeological features 4/05, 5/05, 7/05 and also from an archaeological layer in section no. 4. These fragments were bearing imprints of a several plant segments and also of a timber and reed. For the purpose of the fragments analysis the descriptive system based on previous studies was used. The presented analysis has been included in author´s diploma thesis.
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