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DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AS A TOOL OF DEMOCRACY PROMOTION AT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (Pomoc rozwojowa jako narzedzie wspierania demokracji w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej)

100%
Bilinski A.
Afryka, Azja, Ameryka Lacinska (Africa, Asia, Latin America )
|
2006
|
vol. 83
21-46
EN
After the end of the Cold War, the geopolitical situation of Sub-Saharan Africa changed and many donors of development aid started to actively promote democratization on the continent. This paper examines the aid conditionality as a tool of democracy promotion. The author argues that negative conditionality (withdrawal of aid) may facilitate democratization only in cases of fragile African dictatorships that experience social turmoil and are strongly dependent on aid. More effective is the positive aid conditionality, that is, aiding newly established democracies in consolidation of their economies and political systems. The paper also examines the scope of aid conditionality. According to the data, democracies and liberalized autocracies receive averagely twice more aid than non-liberalized autocracies. In other words, most Western countries do not distinguish between superficially liberalized and truly democratic countries in their aid policies. At the same time, France and some international organizations do not condition aid on the progress of democracy at all
2

'COLOURED' REVOLUTION AS A POLITICAL PHENOMENON ('Koliorova' revolutsia yak politychnyi fenomen)

88%
Lane D.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
|
2010
|
issue 1
16-38
EN
The paper analyses different forms of political change from putsch to revolution and contends that the 'coloured revolutions' were revolutionary coup d'etats. Conditions promoting and retarding the success of such movements are discussed and cases of 'decremental relative deprivation' are discovered which predisposed the public to insurgency. Conditions for success involve a united and organized opposition with an alternative ideology and political policy. It is contended that counter elites when in power neither carry out revolutions nor further democratic development. An unintended consequence of democracy promotion is that autocratic regimes learn to counter it and in so doing weaken genuine civil society associations.
3

Hromadianske suspilstvo v starykh ta novykh derzhavakh-chlenakh YeS. Ideolohia, instytutsii ta prosuvannia demokratii

75%
Lane D.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
|
2011
|
issue 2
37-58
EN
The paper examines the significance of ‘civil society’ promotion as a component of the new modes of governance proposed within the EU and its member states. The concept of civil society has had different meanings and roles in the evolution of the old and post-communist new EU members. ‘Civil society’ is analyzed as a form of political coordination under capitalism; as a reform ideology in the process of opposition under communism; as a policy legitimizing democratisation; and as an ideological component of neo-liberalism in the enlargement of the European Union. The paper proposes a model distinguishing the different roles played by ‘civil society’ discourse in the transformation of state socialism. In the post-state socialist societies a process of democracy promotion has included the sponsorship of civil society. Analyzed empirically, significant differences are shown between the nature of civil society organizations in the old EU member states, new members and post socialist non members. These data indicate the important changes which have taken place in the new member states. However, in the context of the post-socialist states, in which traditional forms of government have been weakened, there are significant structural weaknesses in civil society organizations. It is shown that there is a serious deficiency with respect to the efficacy of civil society associations as agents in the democratizing process, as well as for the articulation and defence of community interests. It is argued that furthering ‘civil society’ forms of participation and management are a part of a neo-liberal economic and political agenda. It is concluded that strengthening democratic state forms of administration and coordination should be major policy concerns.
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