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INTERNATIONAL SURVEY IN EIGHT COUNTRIES ABOUT TEACHERS AND TEACHING PROFESSION

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Chistolini S.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2010
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vol. 1
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issue 2
67 – 86
EN
The international team of experts from Belgium, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey and the USA employed a questionnaire to identify the deontology of teachers from infant to secondary school in eight countries. The survey was implemented between 2004 and 2007. The socio-cultural concept of Verstehen (understanding) as described in the work of Max Weber, points to the clear significance of being a teacher at this time in history. Qualitative and quantitative analysis allow for an understanding that the teacher is exactly that, in any context. The ideal typology of the teacher is the result of training at a university level and working in the school system. Phenomenal differentiations characterise the various situations and broaden the perspective of the study, including an identification of the shared features of the profession. The strong, common core is the responsibility towards fellow teachers balanced out by a weak, yet common note of regret regarding the scant social prestige of being a teacher. There seems to be a lack of communication between the personal and social aspects involved in shaping the professional identity. The social image of teachers weighs heavily on their professional status due to the inevitable political implications it results in and the considerable effect on institutional behaviour. Teachers listen, but they are not heard; teachers are committed, but remain unrecognised; teachers evaluate, but are evaluated in turn. The issue of the social importance of the profession of teachers in our societies emerges as a crucial point in the perspective of educating young generations.
2

UTILITARIZMUS AKO PRAKTICKÁ VOĽBA S EMPIRICKOU PODPOROU V ETIKE JOSHUU GREENA – KRITICKÁ REFLEXIA

100%
Spodniak S.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2021
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vol. 76
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issue 6
451 – 464
EN
The aim of this paper is to critically analyse Joshua Greene’s arguments in favour of utilitarianism and against deontology. There are two main arguments with which Greene supports his utilitarian ethical position. The first is meta-ethical argument, which redefines the purpose of ethics as a search for those moral norms and principles that fulfil our practical need to resolve moral conflicts in the most successful way. The second argument is based on Greene’s psychological research on trolley problems. The thesis of this paper is that the stated arguments do not sufficiently justify favouring utilitarianism over deontology. It is an unjustified belief that the aim of ethics should be the search for the most successful way to resolve moral conflicts. There is at least one alternative position, according to which the role of ethics is to find the best way to deal with human vulnerability and dependence on other members of society. Acceptance of this interpretation of ethics would inevitably lead to acceptance of the deontological language of appeals to moral duties and obligations, which Greene rejects.
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