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EN
In May 2004, Slovakia became the member state of the European Union. Through this step the country officially entered a broader geo-political and socio-economic context. However, the EU, in spite of its principal importance for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, is not the only transnational structure that has been influencing the direction of development of the Slovak society and definitions of its political and economic priorities. This article looks at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from the perspective of its role in defining the concept of human development in the new millennium and briefly discusses the activities of UNDP in the countries of the former Soviet block as these have unfolded over the past decade. The article suggests that the activities, roles and impact of development aid in general and UNDP in particular in the former communist countries merit a closer attention of ethnology due to their relevance for setting developmental priorities and influencing the nature of social change in the region.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the essence of the European Union's development policy in the interdisciplinary perspective. To this end, it examines the legal and factual circumstances and determinants of this policy. It scrutinizes the principles and functioning of the EU development policy as well as its challenges and obstacles. In the context of changes taking place at the dawn of the new century, the paper addresses the following questions: what is the extent of the EU development policy institutionalisation; what is the attitude of political elites in Europe to the idea of international aid. The article aims to verify the assumption that the 1990s and early 21st century marked a significant revaluation of the European Union's development policy. On the one hand, development policy is becoming more crucial and comprehensive in character for the EU and its Member States. On the other hand, the current premises of EU development policy do not fully match the real needs of developing countries as it often lacks both sufficient coherence and effective co-ordination. EU development policy is divergent and multi-dimensional in nature. Hence an interdisciplinary approach seems to offer the most appropriate set of research tools. Full explanatory success can be achieved solely by reference to several theories/models. The complexity of the subject matter has made it necessary to employ a broad and wide-ranging research approach to attain an overall understanding of the problems reviewed.
EN
The paper analyses the shifting priorities of the Czechoslovak educational development aid to African countries during the 1960s and 1970s within the context of the global system of UNESCO-sponsored development aid programmes. The primary focus is put on the changes in status and contents of services provided by Czechoslovak experts working at scientific and educational institutions in Africa. Drawing on the concept of “semi-peripheral post-coloniality” of Hungarian geographer Zoltán Ginelli, the author interprets the growing tendency towards commercialization of Czechoslovak conceptions of expert service and its closer entanglement with international strategies of development aid as one of the means of convergence between the “Western” and “Eastern” models of development and simultaneously as a possible solution to economic stagnation on the domestic front. The study thus contributes to the current debates about the roles of Eastern European states in the global processes of the Cold War as well as their relations to the “Global South.”
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