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On how language use changes over time

100%
Gosy M., Gyarmathy D.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2008
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vol. 132
|
issue 2
206-221
EN
Most characteristics of language use are continually changing as time goes by. Studies describing linguistic change have so far largely ignored the area of speech planning processes and their observable consequences in spontaneous speech. In the present paper, disfluency phenomena were analyzed in two corpora recorded half a century apart. Present-day speakers' spontaneous speech is significantly more interspersed with disfluency phenomena (a total of 1754 occurrences in our data) than that recorded fifty years ago (568). Statistical analyses have revealed that hesitations, repetitions and error-type phenomena occur significantly more frequently with present-day speakers. In the earlier speakers' speech planning processes, the operation of lexical processes ran into more difficulty, whereas present-day speakers had more problems with finding the appropriate grammatical and phonological structure as well as with the monitoring of their transformations of thought into linguistic material. Underlying the differences observed in the occurrence of the various disfluency phenomena, an increasing amount of information that speakers now have to handle and their altered communicative needs can also be detected.
2

WHAT PROVOKES WRONG WORD ACCESS (A teves szotalalasok kivalto okai)

86%
Evellei K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2009
|
vol. 133
|
issue 2
209-226
EN
One of the characteristic features of spontaneous speech is the occurrence of disfluency phenomena. Due to the covert nature of the speech planning process, one can only rely on surface phenomena in looking for the causes of a given disfluency phenomenon. It is, however, an open issue whether the same surface phenomenon is invariably caused by the same functional disturbance or whether different disturbances necessarily lead to different types of disfluency. Wrong word access and its subtype, false start, may also have a number of different causes that may also underlie other surface phenomena. On the basis of a corpus-based study, the following such causes have been found: phonetic similarity, grammatical correspondence, semantic similarity, meaning condensation, confusion of idioms, as well as possible effects of the speech situation. These causes do not form distinct groups; they often occur together, reinforcing one another, and their results may be other types of errors (contamination, grammatical error, etc.) as well. Thus, very complex disturbances of function and implementation can be seen to underlie cases of wrong word access, ones that may also play a role in producing other disfluency phenomena.
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