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„Czy Łemkowie chodzą w dżinsach?” wielokulturowość w Polsce jako kapitał i jako obciążenie

100%
Pasieka A.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
|
2012
|
vol. 20
35-52
EN
Te article aims at inquiring whether using the category of 'multiculturality' in the analysis of the contemporary Polish society is at all meaningful. Building on the material from ethnographic feldwork carried in an ethnically and religiously diverse community, it argues that the study of diversity in Poland needs to take into consideration one basic fact: namely to recognize that diversity in Poland has been developing in the context of one dominant culture and that this context strongly infuences the relations between the majority and the minorities. In so doing, the article demonstrates that not only does the category of 'multiculturalism' is misused in the Polish scholarly discourse, but that it obscures the problem of domination and, rather than promoting diversity, it consolidates a view of a monocultural society.
2

Romni, rom a nauka

100%
Jakoubek M.
Studia Romologica
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2014
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vol. 7
39-51
EN
Literature published by experts in Romani studies contains contradictory state¬ments when it comes to exploring the nature of the Romani family: some authors claim that the Romani family is a patriarchal formation; others maintain that it is a matriarchal one. I am convinced that these (apparently) contradictory facts can be explained for example with help of the concept of cultural themes and counter-themes, as defined by Morris Opler. Opler criticises configurationism, which claims that every culture is dominated by a certain principal pattern that integrates it and defines its unique direction. In his criticism, he draws upon the pre-supposition that there is not one exclusive do¬minant organisational principle in a culture determining its overall character, but a whole series of mutually interconnected norms and regulations – cultural themes, which control and determine the behaviour of the community’s members. In order to prevent a one-sided deflection of a cultural system caused by pre-dominance of a certain theme, some themes are balanced by their counter-themes which function as their restrictive factors. And it is the interplay of the theme and counter-theme that makes a culture balanced; the intrinsic organisation of the culture is given by their mutual relation and equilibrium. The depicted scheme of interpretation can be employed to explain the afore-men¬tioned facts concerning the position of men and women in the traditional Romani culture. In this culture, the cultural theme of male dominance is balanced by the counter-theme of a strong position of the mother (and possibly by the institute of phuri daj) which prevents the theme of male dominance from becoming too accen¬tuated and thus dangerous for the equilibrium and integrity of the given culture. So, the position of the mother weakens the influence of male dominance and ensures that this dominance does not prevail in the traditional Romani culture as a unique element. Their interconnection and ”harmony” thus preserve the integrity of the system of the traditional Romani culture and contribute to its dynamic balance. The presented explanation also illuminates why one comes across contradictory statements in literature thematising the position of men and women in the traditio¬nal Romani culture. It shows that the contradiction is not to be considered a mista¬ke, but that it indicates the existence of actual phenomena, both of which can be explored but which only make sense when their correlation is taken into account and when a suitable interpretative tool is employed.
3
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PRÍRODNÉ KRÁSNO U TH. W. ADORNA: V ZÁVISLOSTI A OPOZÍCII VOČI SVETU PANSTVA

88%
Brezňan P.
ESPES
|
2020
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vol. 9
|
issue 1
5 - 15
EN
Th. W. Adorno’s aesthetics represents a comprehensive reflection on a number of important topics in aesthetic research. Among them is the issue of the aesthetic experience generated by the beauty of nature. In the perspective of Adorno’s theory, the experience of natural beauty is described as a quality that forms in an immanent relation to the historical and social reality of humans. In the first place, one can observe the fundamental dependence of natural beauty on the degree of social domination of nature. By failing to reflect on this social mediation, the experience of natural beauty appears to be immediate and creates the deceptive fantasy of the primordial form of nature. However, at the same time, Adorno uncovers a positive potential in the experience of natural beauty – it lies in the ability to transcend a power-based subjectivity that reduces reality to the substrate of the domination. By means of the transcendence of subjectivity, the experience of natural beauty opens up the possibility to perceive and approach reality in the unreduced fullness of its qualities while also anticipating a reconciliation of man with nature in an allegorical way. The aim of my study is to describe the sketched aspects of the experience of natural beauty.
4
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A COUNTRY OF CRUSADERS (Panstwo krzyzowców)

88%
Sepkowski A.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2009
|
issue 1(330)
171-185
EN
Americans have been expansionistic since their colonial beginnings, undertaking to impose submission on the interior for over two centuries. This expansionism proved to be an unusually strong binder for the society of the young state, assuming the shape of 'Manifest Destiny' of President Polk and his successors. It usually served down-to-earth interests but was legitimized with ideas of great missions supposed to spread the perfect system created by the 'nation of nations'. The ideas of missions both in their peaceful and conquer form have become an integral part of the American 'civil religion', ritualized by practically all its leaders. Missionism combined with expansionism was the dominant tendency which came to the foreground after 1989. The new hegemony gradually transformed into domination on the international scene, forcing other agents to adopt measures desirable for the neo-liberal establishment. The determining factor was the power of the military-industrial conglomerate, which was not to be underestimated, as today over 600 billon dollars are allotted to military demands. It also seems that President Barack Obama is fated to the practices of a crusader even though the hopes connected with him are hopes for a different, better world.
5
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'ENTLANGED IN VIOLENCE'. 'ZENSKO PISMO' - EMANCIPATOR AND CRITICAL DISCOURSE FROM THE POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE ('Uwiklani w przemoc'. 'Zensko pismo' - dyskurs emancypacyjny i krytyczny z perspektywy teorii postkolonialnej

51%
Czapik-Litynska B.
Porównania
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2009
|
vol. 6
165-177
EN
The article describes chosen Yugoslavian and post-Yugoslavian texts 'zenskog pisma' - women's postmodern literature. Early 'écriture feminine' works revealed matters of woman's body and position in the patriarchal world of male culture. Emancipatory attitudinal narrations soon transformed into critical emancipatory discourse rooted in postmodern theories (Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Culural Criticism, Postcolonial Studies, Subaltern Studies) interpreting various aspects of pressure, repression, bodily and ideological violence. The end of Yugoslavia, the civil war, the ethnic cleansings and the rapes on women resulted in the inclusion of the postcolonial perspective into the attitudinal cultural narrations. Owing to this, the analysis of violence encapsulates new issues such as: totalitarism, nationalism, war crimes and victims. The cognitive interpretative horizon not only includes colonisation strategies and enslavement of the mentality by the totalitarian system of sovietisation but also the hegemony of Western Europe for which the Balkans and Central-East Europe have always been the Other. The authors bring back historical memory, reach the 'white spots', call for a new, responsible, independent and ethical entity that would be able to stand up to the expansive and dominant colonial mind.
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