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PRÁVNE POSTAVENIE VDOVY V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKU DO ROKU 1222 A OTÁZKA VENNÉHO

100%
Hudáček P.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
227 – 262
EN
In this study, the author is concerned with the position of widows in medieval society. He considers the development of basic ideas about their position on the basis of the decrees of Frankish synods and Early Medieval laws. The main part of the work is devoted to widows in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary during the earliest period from the 11th century to the issuing of the Golden Bull in 1222. The subject of this is the position of widows according to the individual points of the Hungarian law codes of St. Stephen, St. Ladislav and Koloman. The main question is the claim of widows to property and the gradual changes in this area up to the beginning of the 13th century. The main emphasis is placed on the search for the beginnings of the dowry as property, which the woman kept after the death of her husband. The study includes a detailed analysis of the wills of important women, widows, but also widowers. Evidence of the property rights of widows and the first indications of the existence of the dowry are sought in these documents.
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'Szczebrzuch' and the names of inheritances and dowries

86%
Handke K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2007
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vol. 31
93-98
EN
The following article presents the origins of some of the old names of inheritance and dowry types received by specific members of the family in two kinds of circumstances: after sb.'s death (successio) and entering a matrimony (dos). From the names presented here only a few have been preserved to the modern times (spadek, posag), the others either vanished or were put in the archives of national vocabulary (czwarcizna, gierada, list wienny, list reformacyjny, reformacja), have a limited use (wiano), or have altered their meaning (grat, graty). The most enigmatic word is 'szczebrzuch' - it has obscure ethymology, difficult to explain. It is present in the old Polish in several meanings: 1) name of a garden plant; 2) 'household dishes or appliances', also 'Church or military appliances'; 3) 'dishes, household appliances, valuables - as the dowry of the bride'; 4) 'arrowhead or spearhead'.
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