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EN
Languages influence each other, and Danish is no exception in this context. In the times of globalization the influence comes mainly from English. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the historical ties between the two above-mentioned languages and, based on multiple linguistic studies, to gauge whether Danish is endangered by English or not. In addition, the paper touches on topics such as language policy, Danish speakers’ attitudes towards English, and statistical research.
EN
Acquisition of the Danish noun plural system is interesting in regard to testing hypotheses on input frequency effects: whereas English is characterized by having one default inflectional marker for a grammatical category (e.g. the plural suffix -s) and a minor number of exceptions to this default rule, Danish has several competing inflectional markers. Furthermore, there are important interactions between phonology and morphology in the Danish system (Basbøll et al. (2011)). In the present study we test theses on input frequency effects in a phonological perspective and explore the impact of phonetics on grammar. This will be done in three types of empirical data from monolingual Danish children: Naturalistic child directed speech and child speech from six children aged 0;10–3;11; Structured interviews with 80 children aged 3–9 years; Experimental data from 160 children aged 3–10 years. We present a scale with three degrees of transparency of the plural stem and of the plural suffix as well as a more differentiated scale of transparency of the Danish plural markers. We furthermore present a scale with three degrees of productivity, and analyze the relation between acquisition rate and degree of transparency as well as degree of productivity.
EN
The article examines the emotive influence of visual elements on the reception of German and Danish grave inscriptions. The material basis of analysis are photos of tombstones from the 19th and 20th century from cemeteries in Saxony and Copenhagen. The methodological basis is the theory of multimodal text and the starting point of the analysis is the typology of image-text relationships, which is supplemented by further observations. The study analyzes representatives of different semantic classes of visual components from different time periods. Among the most expressive and impressive sculptural representations are those with references to eschatology and the person of the deceased. In their use, two distinct strategies can be noted: the strengthening of mourning mood and the repression of the picture of death.
DE
Obwohl nach Marx/Weidacher (2014:91ff.) von keiner Internet-Sprache die Rede sein kann, ist leider die in Diskussionen und Kommentaren auf Facebook, Twitter oder Weblogs genutzte Sprache, oft gefüllt von beleidigenden, hassvollen Wörtern und Ausdrücken. Genau diese Art von Sprache wird als Hasssprache (auch Hassrede) genannt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Hasssprache am Beispiel von deutschen, dänischen und polnischen Facebook-Kommentaren zum Terroranschlag in Manchester (Mai 2017) analysiert. Es wurde eine qualitative Analyse durchgeführt, indem die Stellungnahmen in Bezug auf die dort vorkommenden Wörter und Wendungen, die in allen drei genannten Sprachen als beleidigend betrachtet werden, untersucht werden. Ich versuche dabei, folgende Fragen zu beantworten: Welche sprachlichen Mittel sind für die Kommentare charakteristisch? Sind irgendwelche von diesen Mitteln speziell bevorzugt? Welches Ziel möchten die Kommentierenden erreichen? Welche Inhaltsunterschiede lassen sich zwischen deutschen, dänischen und polnischen Kommentaren feststellen? Welche Aspekte des Inhalts berühren sie?
EN
language used in discussions and comments on Facebook, Twitter or weblogs often full of offensive, hateful words and expressions. It is precisely this type of language that is called hate speech. The following paper contains an qualitative analysis of comments, which appeared on Facebook in Germany, Denmark and Poland after the terrorist attack in Manchester in May this year. I try to find answer on following questions: Which linguistic methods are characteristic for such comments? Are some of these methods preferred? What are the authors of such comments trying to achieve? What are the differences between German, Danish and Polish comments? Which aspects of content do they touch?
EN
This paper explores the Danish keyword vold ‘violence, abuse’ and its associated ethnosyntax. Calling into attention (i) the differences and similarities of violence-related concepts in ethnolinguistic communities, and (ii) the key role played by ethnosyntax in the elaboration of violence, vold, and similar concepts, the paper aims to open a new ethnolinguistic research agenda for the study of negative sociality constructs and the positive value system hidden in such concepts. The Danish ethnosyntax of vold ‘violence, abuse’ hidden in compound morphology is scrutinised. Focusing on the compounds hustruvold ‘wife vold’ and politivold ‘police vold’, the paper explores the hidden conceptual syntax embedded in such coinages. Exploring more recent constructs, such as forældrevold ‘parent vold’, it is argued that Danish ethnosyntax embodies a view of the world in which traditional authority figures are coded as aggressors: men, police, parents, whereas women, citizens and children are coded as victims.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy semantyki i etnoskładni duńskiego słowa vold ‘przemoc’, kluczowego dla duńskiej kultury. Biorąc pod uwagę (i) podobieństwa i różnice między słowami oznaczającymi ‘przemoc’ w różnych społecznościach etnolingwistycznych oraz (ii) kluczową rolę etnoskładni w opisie takich konceptów, jak angielskie VIOLENCE, duńskie VOLD itd., artykuł otwiera nową perspektywę badań nad konceptami wyrażającymi negatywne zjawiska społeczne i związanymi z nimi pozytywnymi systemami wartości. W artykule bada się etnoskładnię, składnię „pojęciową” duńskiego vold, zawartą w strukturze morfologicznej złożeń takich jak hustruvold ‘vold (w stosunku do) żony’ czy politivold ‘vold policyjna’. Analiza nowszych tworów, np. forældrevold ‘vold rodzicielska’, pokazuje, iż duńska etnoskładnia zawiera w sobie obraz świata, w którym tradycyjne autorytety, takie jak mężczyźni, policja, czy rodzice, postrzegani są jako agresorzy, natomiast kobiety, obywatele i dzieci kodowane są jako ofiary przemocy (w sensie vold).
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