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Diakonie v perspektivě teorie sociálních systémů

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EN
This article is devoted to the differentiation of diakonia in modern society based on Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory. It first addresses the inner differentiation of the religious system, the framework of which is to assign diakonia the task of creating a relationship to other systems of society. Dierk Starnitzke attempts to formulate theologically a diakonia-code which facilitates diakonia in order to receive input from other systems it relates to, while at the same time, maintaining its identity. The article further reflects on the formation of the diaconal work-structures at the three levels where social systems operate: interaction, organization and society. The task of theology is to impart the vision for organized diaconal work which currently prevails. The differentiated approach to diakonia facilitates a more adequate analysis of the problems diakonia faces in modern secularized society and how to relate various conceptions of diakonia to one another.
EN
The paper attempts to present a differentiated conception of diakonia as Christian oriented helping activity in modern society. It starts from the forms of social differentiation, as described by Luhmann’s social systems theory (society, interaction, organizations), and discusses them further in the context of practical­‑theologically oriented attitudes to distinguishing between social forms of religion. It brings to mind J. H. Wichern’s typology of triple diakonia (free, civic, and church diakonia) and then tests the indicated theoretical points of departure on the real forms of diakonia in the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren – see on the ‘tripod’ of Christian service, Diaconia of ECCB, and diaconate. In conclusion it asks how the specifically Christian dimension of diakonia can be expressed in helping within the context of interaction, organization and social institutions.
EN
The main aim of the paper is to develop one of the basic themes of the encyclical Deus caritas est – the connection between theology and anthropology. It aims at reminding us, that according to the encyclical the dynamics of human love can only be fulfilled in the love of God revealed in Jesus Christ. Through an encounter with this love eros is transformed into ectasis, which means going out of oneself in a self­giving love. Selfless love is realized as an emptying (kenosis) of one’s own heart for the other and is fulfilled in the act of loving acceptance. The paper also points out the connection between human love dynamically aimed at its fulfilment and the mystery of Trinitarian love. The sharing of Trinitarian love is depicted as the dynamics of eternal ectasis, kenosis and perichoresis. Upon this background it emphasizes that diakonia as a service of love is deeply connected with the ontological structure of every human being.
EN
The article refers to the request formulated by motu proprio Intima ecclesiae natura, that in every parish some form of parish charity should operate. The logic and content of this request are explained and some support points, which legitimize theologically this regulation, are summarized. To illustrate the actual situation of the Bohemian­‑Moravian parishes, some data obtained from quantitative research on charitable activities in the parishes in the Diocese Ostrava­Opava are presented. The data signals a huge change potential. The regulation carried out by the Olomouc Archbishop in 2015, which defines the connection between professional catholic charities and parishes, is presented and its conformity with the request in motu proprio is assessed.
EN
The presented study deals with the concept of Christian Charity within the context of so­called Caritas­Theology (Caritaswissenschaft in German) regarding the parable of the Good Samaritan. It is based on article 31 in the encyclical letter Deus caritas est in which Benedict XVI mentions this concept, concerning help to those who need it most, in connection with this parable. The study compares the interpretation of the parable within Caritas­Theology with his interpretation in the context of biblical exegesis and theology. This makes it possible to point out certain distortions occurring in the interpretation of the parable through Caritas­Theology and the inspirational potential which the parable Caritas­Theology has for the practice of Christian charity.
Nurt SVD
|
2020
|
issue 2
275-289
PL
Autor podejmuje próbę określenia znaczenia diakonatu na przestrzeni wieków i w czasach współczesnych. Pokazuje jego początki zarysowane w Nowym Testamencie i rozwój w starożytnym Kościele. Następnie przedstawia współczesne rozumienie posługi diakonalnej w świetle nauki Soboru Watykańskiego II, wskazań św. Jana Pawła II i późniejszych papieży – Benedykta XVI i Franciszka. Za szczególnie ważną autor uznaje współpracę diakonów z instytucjami charytatywnymi, nie tylko kościelnymi, ale również świeckimi. Zarówno na wstępie, jak i w ostatniej części artykułu autor stawia także pytania o perspektywy rozwoju diakonatu w Polsce.
EN
The author of the article attempts to define the meaning of the diaconate over the centuries and in modern times. He shows its origins outlined in the New Testament and its development in the ancient Church. Then he presents the contemporary understanding of the diaconal ministry in the light of the teachings of the Second Vatican Council and the guidelines of St. John Paul II and later popes - Benedict XVI and Francis. The author considers the cooperation of deacons with charitable institutions, not only ecclesiastical but also secular ones, to be of particular importance. Both in the introduction and in the last part of the article, the author also asks questions about prospects of development of the diaconate in Poland.
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