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EN
Representation of various modes, forms, symptoms and degrees of mental illnesses, frequent in The Street of Crocodiles, are analysed in two perspectives: psychological and literary-cultural. Using the tools of modern psychology, the article interprets the pathological symptoms of Touya, Maria, aunt Agatha, and various other characters, most importantly the advancing illness of father Joseph, who displays symptoms of schizophrenia. Schulz uses a language filled with metaphors, blurring the border between symptoms of illness and metaphors, between the imaginary and the real, and between health and illness, norm and pathology, between the human and the animal. Schulz’s representation of madness opposes the modern understanding, which is dominated by analytical, rationalist identification of an illness, related to a socially determined norm of mental health. It brings back the premodern quality to madness, which becomes a divine phenomenon, related to the pagan rite of fertility, to the “orgy of life” and Dionysian element, and to Freudian life drive. Dionysius and Freud meet in an area independent from the rules of culture and reason: the return to nature, including the nature in a human being. Here, madness becomes a “basic figure” and “the ultimate ur-schema”, as they belong to the unintellectual, basic, ecstatic sphere. This is related to the imperative of penetration of areas that threaten the “balance of the soul”, to address the topic that shows “the scar of removal”, and forces us to ask the question of limits of humanity.
EN
The article focuses on the conception of human in Nietzsche’s thought, especially on his category of self-affirmation. Nietzsche believes that after destruction of traditional values it is possibile to love oneself fully and unconditionally. He is trying to reinstate joy of existence to humans and connect individual will with earthly life (wholeness). The figures of free spirit, Overman and child are the ground to achieve this goal.
EN
The article focuses on the conception of human in Nietzsche’s thought, especially on his category of self-affirmation. Nietzsche believes that after destruction of traditional values it is possibile to love oneself fully and unconditionally. He is trying to reinstate joy of existence to humans and connect individual will with earthly life (wholeness). The figures of free spirit, Overman and child are the ground to achieve this goal.
EN
In this paper we examine the reading that the Spanish philosopher María Zambrano will do of Nietzsche’s work, and in particular his influence on the composition of The Man and the Divine, especially in relation to the issues of “God is dead” and “The superman delirium”. Moreover our article takes stock of Nietzsche’s presence in the earlier work of the thinker, finally exposing her interpretation of the “madness” of Nietzsche from the complex symbolic relations that she establishes between Dionysus and Christ. 
ES
Se examina en este trabajo la lectura que hace la filósofa española María Zambrano de la obra de Friedrich Nietzsche, y en particular su influjo en la redacción de El hombre y lo divinosobre todo en relación con las cuestiones del “Dios ha muerto” y “El delirio del superhombre”. Por otra parte se pasa revista a la presencia nietzscheana en los trabajos anteriores de la pensadora, para terminar con la exposición de su interpretación de la “locura” de Nietzsche a partir de las complejas relaciones simbólicas que establece entre Dionisos y Cristo.  
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2022
|
vol. 17
|
issue 12
330-348
EN
This article puts forward a reinterpretation of the presence of mythological tropes in H. G. Wells's, “The Island of Doctor Moreau.” Once the various contexts within which the novel tends to be read have been presented, attention is drawn to the interpretative approaches adopted by literary critics, such as Bergonzi, Bowen, Hayes, to name but a few, who search for connections between the author's chosen text and myths. Among the cited interpretations, we will find references to, among others, Circe, Comus and Prometheus.  Availing himself of the research methodology adopted by John White and Marie Miguet-Ollagnier, the author identifies the sections where allusions to the myths pertaining to Daedalus and Dionysus are to be most frequently encountered. At the same time, the author expands on the findings of previous research by highlighting newly-found mythological motifs. In his conclusion, the author of this article highlights the need for Wells's work to be now read against the background of the mythological allusions which he has identified as being present in the world of this novel.
PL
Artykuł jest reinterpretacją obecności tropów mitologicznych w Wyspie doktora Moreau H. G. Wellsa. Autor rozpoczyna od przedstawienia spostrzeżeń o dotychczasowych interpretacjach powieści Wellsa. Po zaprezentowaniu kontekstów, w jakich zazwyczaj odczytuje się tę powieść, uwaga skierowana zostaje na omówienie stanowisk badaczy (m.in. Bergonziego, Bowena oraz Haynes), którzy poszukują związków pomiędzy interesującym autora artykułu utworem a mitami. Wśród przywoływanych stanowisk znajdziemy odniesienie m.in. do Kirke, Komosa i Prometeusza. Autor, posiłkując się metodami badawczymi Johna White’a oraz Marie Miguet-Ollagnier – wskazuje miejsca, w których najczęściej występują odniesienia do mitu o Dedalu i Dionizosie. Tym samym poszerza dotychczasowy stan badań o nowe wątki mitologiczne. W konkluzjach autor artykułu zwraca uwagę na potrzebę odczytania utworu Wellsa w kontekście funkcjonowania zauważonych przez niego odniesień mitologicznych w świecie przedstawionym powieści.  
EN
This article is focused on the research of modern historians concerning the importance of Dionysus and Poseidon in Demetrius Poliorcetes’ self-representation. It draws attention to the change of approach adopted by recent studies and the multiple ambiguous interpretations that have been offered.
PL
The paper discusses various ways of depicting madness in Homer’s epics based on the example of a scene from the Iliad, in which Andromache is compared to a maenad, as well as the scene concerning the feast of suitors in book XX of the Odyssey. Depicting madness by means of gestures affects the reception of the described scenes by the external and internal epic audience in a very special way. The gestures that are described invoke in the listeners associations related to their own experiences and appeal to particular emotions, whose presence affects the reception of an epic. The gestures and the nonverbal message allude to the Bacchic trance and this raises the question whether Homer and his audience were familiar with the cult of Dionysus.
PL
Besides an abundant musical output, the rich legacy of Ludomir Michał Rogowski (1881-1954) also contains numerous writings, a special place among which is held by Muzyka przyszłości [The music of the future], written in 1919 and published three years later. In this work Rogowski asserted that the possibilities for composing music on the basis of the major, minor and chromatic scales were exhausted. He went on to propose an expansion of the repertoire of scales, giving two criteria for the choice of scales: ‘naturalness’ and ‘rhythmicity’. A ‘natural’ scale is one which can be read from the sequence of fifth steps of the twelve-note chromatic scale in equal temperament. The simplest example is the anhemitonic pentatonic scale. The concept of the renewal of tonal material is central to Muzyka przyszłości, but its author formulates an idea about the rhythmic essence of musical form as well. In his considerations on this subject, he proceeds from the nature-related phenomenon of symmetry. He treats the simplest symmetrical pattern, the ternary form ABA, as an elementary manifestation of rhythm expanded into form. References to nature also occur in Rogowski’s texts on national music. In this context, folk music represents such values connected with nature as simplicity, honesty and freshness; it is devoid of all artificiality or posture, free from all convention. In Rogowski’s musical output, a fascination with nature became a powerful source of inspiration, from which many symphonic works of a programmatic character emerged. The connection with nature and joy of life - the crucial values of Mediterranean culture - are conveyed by the music of Cortege de Dionysos and by the whole of composer’s oeuvre. Rogowski confirmed his belonging to the culture of the South not only with his music. When, in 1926, he left Warsaw for Dubrovnik, he confirmed it also with his life.
EN
This paper deals with the myth of Minyas’ daughters in the novel Frenzy by Percival Everett, a Distinguished Professor of English at the University of Southern California. He has brought forward a new interpretation of that myth in his book. The main theme is the story of god Dionysus based on Euripides’ Bacchae to which the author adds other mythes. References to Ovid, Aelian and Antoninus Liberalis can also be found.
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Platon i wino

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EN
Since time immemorial symposiums were held in the Hellenic Republic that, just like drinking wine, fostered memories of past times and discussions on moral topics. Therefore, it is not a surprise that oinos was appreciated by many authors and the motive of wine itself played a significant role in the Greek literature. Naturally, Plato also could not refuse the gift given to the people by Dionysus and talked about wine in several of his dialogues. Plato's considerations of oinos cover indications of etymological nature, typology of symposiums, as well as the effect the drink has on the attitude and activeness of a human being. They also owe a lot to traditional images and Hellenic medical concepts that play an important role in the thinker's discussion on the subject and commonly present oinos as φάρμακον. Does the Dionysus' heavenly gift deserve the Plato's encomium? This study will make an attempt to answer this question.
EN
The article deals with the Orthodox cult of Saint Tryphon in the Balkans, focusing mainly on the liturgical and ritual holiday held in Bulgaria on the 1st, and in Macedonia on the 14th of February. The analysis of these cases has been carried out on the basis of the field study conducted in 2016 in Kavadarci and Negotino towns, belonging to the winery region of Tikves. The environment for that research was set by the Greek tradition of celebrating the Dionysus holidays, particularly the Lenaia. All the documentation collected by the authors include the following manifestations of the cult: 1. Liturgy and Orthodox Church rituals, 2. Rituals conducted in the winaries, 3. Ludic forms of Saint Tryphon’s cult. On the basis of this material, it has been attempted to reconstruct the course of the ceremony in the historical, religious and ethnographical aspect. The conclusions drawn from this study make it possible to understand that many Christian elements of the celebration in honor of Dionysus refer to the pagan traditions adjusted to the Orthodox or ritual needs. It proves the longevity of ancient tradition in the contemporary Balkan folklore and also makes it applicable in the comparative research concerning cultural sciences in their broadest scope.
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