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Obcy wśród swoich - obozy uchodźców wewnętrznych w Sudanie

100%
Bytyń A. M.
Forum Politologiczne
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2010
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vol. 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce
415-427
EN
Sudan is a country divided into two parts - the North and South. The domestic wars between South Sudan and the government in Khartoum, which have lasted since gaining independence in 1956, as well as a still lasting conflict in Darfur, led to creation of the biggest group of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in this country. The IDPs have emigrated from South Sudan to North, most often to the suburbs of Khartoum. It is estimated that over 5 million people have escaped from the South to the North so far. In the whole history of Sudan the differences between those two regions have deepened. The differences resulted from marginalization of the South and attempts of the government in Khartoum to arabisate and islamizate the whole country. The most important criterion of division in Sudan is religion. In South Sudan live Christians and worshipers of animist religion, Islam, on the other hand, prevails in the North. In camps for IDPs from South discrimination because of lighter colour of skin and different religion is still visible. The Southerners are strangers in their own country.
2
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Reliance on International Treaties as a Means of Protecting Minority Rights: An Effective Strategy or Waiting for Nothing? The Case of the Polish Minority in Lithuania

100%
Szymanski C.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
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2022
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vol. 21
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issue 2
335-366
EN
This article focuses on the legal and political impact of international minority rights treaties on the Polish minority in Lithuania. An analysis will be made as to whether and to what degree they have been followed by Lithuania, and, overall, whether they have been effective for the Polish minority in Lithuania. The possibility that they are more of a false promise will also be addressed, and whether or not reliance on international law – perhaps in conjunction with local political action within Lithuania – is a good strategy for Poles in Lithuania. In general, international law norms have not had a direct impact, at least as applied by various international tribunals and other bodies. Cases brought by ethnic Poles before the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, and the U.N. Human Rights Committee have not yielded significant results. The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities does directly address many of the issues raised by the Polish minority, but it is not enforceable absent enabling legislation. Yet, recent positive domestic legislation and case law in Lithuania have mitigated these concerns, suggesting that political mobilization, using international norms as a benchmark to be obtained, is much more effective than relying on international law on its own.
3
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The Situation of Women of a Refugee and Immigrant Background in the Netherlands

63%
Gul-Rechlewicz V.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 3
59-82
EN
The problem of discrimination and unequal treatment of women from culturally diverse backgrounds affects countries such as the Netherlands. The centuries of tolerance and openness to an “alien” seem to be ending. This is evidenced by numerous reports and scientific studies, statements from specialists, and experts on the issues of immigrant integration. Increasingly, feeling marginalised and deprived of development opportunities, immigrant or refugee women come to the fore. Some of them (those remaining in isolation) are represented by aid organisations, i.e. foundations, associations, volunteer groups, and the municipalities themselves. This article covers the existing issue of the increasing number of refugees and immigrants in the Netherlands, especially refugee and immigrant women towards whom, according to specialists, integration policy should be redefined.
4
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Political correctness, czyli o etycznej wrażliwości języka

63%
Leśniak A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2017
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vol. 313
147-160
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja zjawiska politycznej poprawności i jej wpływu na językową komunikację. Wyrastając ze słusznego skądinąd programu sprawiedliwości i otwartości na drugiego człowieka, ma w swym podstawowym zamierzeniu polegać na unikaniu w dyskursie publicznym stosowania obraźliwych słów i zwrotów oraz zastępować je wyrażeniami bardziej neutralnymi. Opiera się na założeniu, że stosowanie obraźliwego, atakującego języka przyczynia się do zwiększenia poziomu uprzedzeń oraz wyrządza krzywdę przedstawicielom dyskryminowanych grup. Co jednak zrobić, jeśli tego typu działania mogą służyć wprowadzaniu językowej autocenzury lub być początkiem manipulacji, tym bardziej, że nieuchronne stają się nawiązania i porównania do orwellowskiej nowomowy, a to znane nam z historii doświadczenia.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the phenomenon of political correctness and its impact on the linguistic communication. Growing up with the right program of justice and openness to the other person has in their primary intention to rely on avoiding the public discourse the use of offensive words and phrases and replace them with more neutral expressions. It is based on the assumption that the use of offensive, attacking language helps to increase the level of prejudices and harms representatives of discriminated groups. But what if this type of activity can help to implement the linguistic self-censorship or to be the beginning of manipulation, perhaps more sophisticated and at a higher level, but still, all the more reason, that references and comparisons to Orwellian newspeak are becoming inevitable, and these are the experiences we know from history.
5
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PRAWA SPOŁECZNE ROMÓW W ŚWIETLE EUROPEJSKIEJ PROCEDURY SKARG ZBIOROWYCH

51%
Świątkowski A. M.
Polityka Społeczna
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2011
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vol. 38
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issue 2(443)
1-5
EN
Author presents collective complaint cases brought by NGO’s against four EU Member States: Bulgaria, France, Italy and Greece during past three years to the European Committee of Social Rights of the Council of Europe (ECSR CoE). The Committee adjudicated those cases found out that the following Roma’s social rights were violated: right to social assistance protected by art. 13 of the Revised European Social Charter (RESC); right of the Roma’s families to social, legal and economic protection guaranteed by art. 16 RESC; right to protection against poverty and social exclusion declared in art. 30 of the RESC; right to housing – art. 31 RESC and right not to be discriminated against on the ground of origin – art. E of the RESC. The above mentioned decisions taken by the European Committee of Social Rights shows that some EU Member States do not cope with their international obligations to integrate Roma’s. Roma’s are disproportionately affected by unemployment, poverty, bad housing, poor health standards, violence and discrimination. Those decisions provides strong evidence that European Committee of Social Rights takes very active part in integration and well being of Roma’s – the largest ethnic minority in Europe.
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