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EN
The issue of post-war Displaced Persons involves millions of people who have been moved out of their homes as a result of events of war. The organization taking care of them (in particular UNRRA) was never as large and cooperative before. However, the post-war dynamic period marked the course of future events. What was originally a temporary problem was transformed into the situation with long-term impacts, particularly in the context of refugee policy. The Displaced Person studies seemed to take on the difficulties of the subject itself. It is a distinct domain, but it cannot be separated from other topics without distortion. On the contrary, it introduces a new dimension into these topics and shows clearly the transformation of post-war society as well as the complicated destiny of individual human lives.
PL
Zakończenie II wojny światowej w Europie nie przyniosło Polakom oczekiwanego rozwiązania. Mimo iż odwieczny wróg – hitlerowskie Niemcy – leżały w gruzach, to powrót do kraju w jego ówczesnych realiach politycznych był dla większości polskiej emigracji niemożliwy do przyjęcia. Sytuacja uległa pogorszeniu w lipcu 1945 r., kiedy zarówno Wielka Brytania jak i Stany Zjednoczone uznały za legalny Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej. Władze polskie w Warszawie rozpoczęły rozmowy z dyplomacją amerykańską na temat obecności Polaków w amerykańskiej strefie okupacyjnej Niemiec oraz w kwestii likwidacji Polskich Sił Zbrojnych stacjonujących w Wielkiej Brytanii. Mimo iż legalne władze polskie przebywające na wygnaniu w Londynie nie były już podmiotem negocjacji Amerykanie nie mogli nie pamiętać ich wkładu w zwycięstwo nad III Rzeszą i wspólnej walki na wielu frontach ostatniej wojny. Te i inne zaszłości wpływały na trudność polsko-amerykańskich relacji w pierwszych latach po II wojnie światowej
EN
The end of World War II in Europe did not bring to the Poles the expected solution. Although the enemy – the Nazi Germany – was defeated, the return of Poles to their country in its contemporary political realities was unacceptable for the majority of the Polish exile. The situation worsened in July 1945, when both the United Kingdom and the United States recognized as legal the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity. The Polish authorities in Warsaw started the political offensive on the bringing back home Polish Displaced Persons in the American occupation zone of Germany and on the liquidation of the Polish Armed Forces stationed in the UK. Although the legitimate Polish government-in-exile was no longer the side of negotiations, the Americans could not forget the Polish contribution to the victory over the Third Reich and comradeship. This events affect the difficulty of Polish-American relations in the early years of the post-war period.
EN
Displaced persons as a result of the Second World War have been the subject of long-term research, which has gradually developed into a stand-alone discipline. The author reflects on its development, current trends and future prospects. Using the examples of several thematic conferences abroad and the panel discussion at the Congress of Czech Historians in Ústí nad Labem in September 2022, she illustrates the specific areas of interest, the proclaimed challenges of the field, and possible interconnections with other topics. She finds the publishing and popularization activities of scholars studying the issue of displaced persons to be abundant while the occasional claims that Displaced Persons represent a new and still understudied topic sound somewhat contradictory today. According to the author, the main limitation to studying Displaced Persons as a stand-alone topic is that, in pursuit of a deeper understanding of the concept, Displaced Persons are often artificially sought where the category no longer fits and where an interdisciplinary or polythematic approach is preferable.
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