The paper presents results of the studies users of mobile banking. The research confirmed that users of mobile banking use other sales channels for financial services more frequently and more intensively. The most popular functions using by mobile banking customers were checking accounts. Mobile banking is perceived as insecure, even more than internet banking. The most expected functionality of mobile banking is the ability to make NFC mobile payments for purchases in store.
Aim/purpose – The aim of this study is to examine the spatial inequality in Jordan, amongst Jordan’s rural and urban governorates (Muhafazat). Design/methodology/approach – This study describes and portrays comparisons between investigated administrative units in search of finding the governorates’ economic inequality. It is based on the official raw data of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) which were created by Jordan’s Department of Statistics (DoS) in 2013- 2014. It uses four indicators covering water, sewage, labour market and finance to present inequalities between rural and urban areas. In addition, it uses another four measures covering income and expenditure of the households and their members to find inequality among governorates. Findings – The results indicate that although there is generally a significant inequality between rural and urban areas in Jordan, there is much more substantial inequality among governorates; people in Amman are the richest and those in Tafiela, Mafraq, and Ma’an are the poorest. Research implications/limitations – Some development programs should be carried out to reduce the existing inequality to lead to the improvement of life quality of the rural areas and to support their infrastructure, as well as to provide economic opportunities. Economic decentralisation should be considered seriously, and the development programs for the governorates should be redefined. Originality/value/contribution – This is the first investigation into spatial differences in intergenerational mobility in Jordan and provides critical evidence in spatial inequality of economic outcomes and infrastructure available for Jordan.
Le sujet de la contribution reflète la multiplicité des canaux de vente et le rôle d’Internet dans la distribution ainsi que son impact sur le comportement d’achat des consommateurs dans l’agglomération de Bratislava. Grâce aux Technologies d’information et de communication (TIC) les consommateurs mixent les différents canaux et adoptent ainsi une stratégie plus globale grâce à une complémentarité des canaux de ventes en ligne et physique. Il est tout d’abord important de connaître le marché et le comportement des clients vis-à-vis de l’offre des produits pour appréhender les phénomènes de consommation et de comportement tels que l’impact d’Internet sur le réseau physique de magasins. Vu les changements de vision des consommateurs, les entreprises du commerce de détail font figure des plus grands utilisateurs potentiels de nouvelles techniques de traitement des informations sur les consommateurs pour analyser le parcours client. Dans sa première partie, la contribution traite des aspects théoriques d’une distribution multi-canal et l’utilisation du géomarketing dans le commerce en détail. La seconde partie présente les résultats d’une enquête réalisée sur le territoire de la capitale de la République slovaque Bratislava, dans le but de constituer une base de données, composante du système d’information géographique, devant servir à la formation d’un modèle de décision sur l’emplacement des points de vente en conformité avec l’impact des TIC sur les canaux de distribution.
Distribution of resources is at the core of politics. Although this activity is primarily economic in nature, the existing research shows that political representatives often use the allocation of public money to reward their allies at the expense of their rivals. This paper analyses a 2015 governmental programme of local sport grants in Slovakia that aimed to build sport facilities for children and young people. In order to avoid any political bias, the programme was established as a neutral mechanism with an anonymous evaluation of grant requests. The results of analysis, however, provide substantial evidence that the subsidies were given primarily to towns with closer political ties to the government while municipalities led by mayors from the opposition were nearly fully ignored. In addition, the presented social and economic aims of the funding programme were not effectively pursued. The paper thus represents a valuable contribution to the discussion of distributive politics, in general, as it shows that, despite the respective legal framework, the allocation of resources may still end up as a process fuelled by partisan interests.
Aim/purpose – The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the functioning of the cinema distribution market in Poland in 2002-2018. Design/methodology/approach – The results of the quantitative research of the fifteen major film distributors operating in Poland in the analysed period are presented in the paper, together with market capacity, market share ratios and measures of market concentration. Findings – Thanks to the analysis, large distributors operating in the Polish film market are characterised. The analysis of the structure and the concentration of the sector in question shows that nowadays over half of the cinema distribution in Poland is concentrated in the hands of four companies (UIP, Kino Świat, Monolith and Disney), two of which (UIP, Disney) are foreign branches of the major American studios. Thus, the results of the research provide empirical evidence on the impact of international distribution consortia on the Polish cinematographic industry. They are similar to the existing literature findings which concern other countries (e.g. Canada, New Zealand, Western Europe). This means that Poland is part of the trend of dominance of American distributors on global domestic markets. Research implications/limitations – The paper opens a wider discussion about the Polish film distribution. Yet, the research results concern Poland and cannot be generalised to other countries. In addition, studies refer only to the cinema distribution, not taking into account other channels of distribution as DVD, VOD and online distribution. Originality/value/contribution – The cinema distribution market in Poland is still poorly recognised by researchers. The paper is a valuable addition to this research gap.
As an example of a successful application of a relatively simple metaheuristics for a stochastic version of a multiple criteria optimisation problem, the inventory-allocation problem is discussed. Stochastic programming is introduced to deal with the demand of end consumers. It has been shown before that simple metaheuristics, i.e., local search may be a very competitive choice for solving computationally hard optimisation problems. In this paper, robust optimisation approach is applied to select more promising initial solutions which results in a significant improvement of time complexity of the optimisation algorithms. Furthermore, it allows more flexibility in choosing the final solution that need not always be minimising the sum of costs.
W artykule scharakteryzowano dwa rodzaje sieci biznesowych – powstającą w sposób ewolucyjny jako efekt interakcji różnych podmiotów oraz strategiczną sieć biznesową, tworzoną celowo przez główne przedsiębiorstwo. W wyniku badań empirycznych wskazano na podmioty w otoczeniu dystrybutora motoryzacyjnego predysponowane do tworzenia sieci strategicznych, którymi przedsiębiorstwo może świadomie zarządzać. Jednocześnie wskazano, że z reguły dystrybutorzy koncentrują się na poszczególnych relacjach dwustronnych, pomijając szerszy kontekst sieci biznesowej.
EN
This paper describes two types of business networks − emerging in an evolutionary way, as a result of the interactions between different entities and strategic business network, created deliberately by the focal company. As a result of empirical analysis, the areas of activity of the automotive wholesaler that are predisposed to creating strategic business networks were identified. These networks can be consciously managed by the wholesaler. However, as it is indicated, wholesalers usually focus on individual bilateral relations, ignoring the wider context of the business network.
W ostatnim czasie rola kanałów dystrybucji oraz ich kształt podlega dynamicznym zmianom. Z jednej strony technologie informacyjne oraz rozwój firm logistycznych powodują wzrost możliwości realizacji i znaczenia sprzedaży bezpośredniej. Z drugiej strony charakterystycznym trendem jest wielokanałowość sprzedaży i w konsekwencji zmiany zachodzące w procesach zakupowych konsumentów. Wpływ na te przemiany mają także nowe kanały komunikacji, które wprost pozwalają przenieść konsumenta z sytuacji poszukiwania informacji do procesu zakupu. W efekcie zanika stopniowo rola tradycyjnych pośredników rynkowych, których funkcje przejmowane są w szczególności przez kanały komunikacji, co w dłuższym czasie będzie powodowało dalsze konsekwencje.
EN
Recently, the role of distribution channels and its design has changed. On one hand, information technologies and logistics development cause an increase of direct sales importance. On the other hand, a distinctive trend is the multi-channel sales and, consequently, changes in consumer buying process. The effects of these changes are also new channels of communication that expressly allow the consumer to move from a situation of searching for information to purchase process. As a result, disappearing gradually role of traditional market intermediaries whose functions are taken over in particular by communication channels, which in the long term will cause further consequences.
Wzrost liczby ludności miejskiej implikuje wzrost popytu na transport, a to rodzi określone problemy: kongestię, wzrost zanieczyszczenia powietrza czy hałas. Jednocześnie obserwuje się znaczny wzrost handlu elektronicznego, który w 2021 roku ma osiągnąć wartość 4,9 bln USD, co tylko zwiększy popyt na transport. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i charakterystyka wybranych rozwiązań transportowych możliwych do zastosowania w obsłudze handlu elektronicznego w miastach i równocześnie o największym potencjale redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych i innych polutantów.
EN
The increase in the urban population implies a significant growth in demand for transport, and this raises specific problems: traffic congestion, increased of air pollution and noise. At the same time, there is a remarkable increase in volume and value of e-commerce, which in 2021 is expected to reach USD 4.9 trillion, which will only strengthens the demand for transport and its negative effects. The aim of this paper is to identify and characterize selected transport solutions that can be implemented in e-commerce in cities and simultaneously have the greatest potential to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.
The technological development, particularly the development of information technology, brings about economic transformations in the organization of work. Neither the present orthodox concept of work nor the definition of the various professions are able to accompany the modern technological and organizational evolution which determines the conditions of employment. The systemic character of desemployment causes the present criterion for the distribution of the produced wealth to become meaningless. It will, therefore, have to be replaced by a new one which allows a distribution of wealth that is more in conformity with the real labor activity.
Podstawą fundraisingu organizacji pozarządowych jest budowanie i utrzy-mywanie relacji z interesariuszami, dla których wartość stanowią działania statutowe organizacji i którzy są skłonni zaofiarować wsparcie tych działań. W praktyce fundrai-singu organizacji non-profit kluczowe jest ustalenie, jakie wartości kreuje organizacja i jak wartości te mogą być dostarczone do głównych interesariuszy, co jest tematem artykułu. Obok ukazania, jak realizowana jest dystrybucja wartości dla potrzeb fundrai-singu, artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań sondażowych ukierunkowanych na percepcję wartości kreowanych przez wybrane organizacje oraz działań podejmowanych przez organizacje w celu dostarczenia tych wartości.
EN
The basis for fundraising of non-profit organizations is building and main-taining relationships with stakeholders, who value the statutory activities of the organiza-tion and who are willing to support these activities. For fundraising activities of non- -profit organizations it is crucial to determine which values creates the organization and how these values can be delivered to key stakeholders. The article exposes how the non- -commercial values are delivered by Polish non-profit organizations. In addition, the article presents the results of surveys focused on the perception of the value created by the selected organizations and actions taken by organizations to provide these values.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.