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1

Dominions, Great Britain and Questions Related to Imperial Foreign Policy Implementation and Direction in the 1920s and at the Beginning of the 1930s

100%

Valkoun J.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 2

267-292

EN

The study focuses on the problems of British-Dominion relations with a special regard to the share of the Dominions in formation, execution and direction of the imperial foreign policy in the 1920s and at the beginning of the 1930s. In the post war period, it was expected that recognition of a formal independence and a new international status of the British Dominions would be take place. Concurrently with a wider conception of the Dominion autonomy, a more intensive cooperation was realised within the Empire, which gradually led to a bigger interest of the overseas autonomous units in the decision-making process concerning the direction of the imperial foreign policy. The observed problems concentrated on two main fronts, it means the measure of consultations among the mother country and the Dominions and individual foreign policy questions, crisis, incidents and events that, in reality, contributed to a discussion concerning the share of overseas autonomous units in the formation and execution of the Imperial foreign policy from the side of the British Foreign Office. Balfour Declaration adoption, increasing the importance of the Dominions, began the period that was significant with pacification of debates concerning execution of the imperial foreign policy and during which it was necessary to wait for next few years for this status legislative approval till the adoption of the Statute of Westminster in December 1931.

2

Great Britain, the Dominions and Their Position on Japan in the 1920s and Early 1930s

100%

Valkoun J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2017

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issue 2

32-46

EN

This study focuses on analysing the positions of Great Britain and selected Dominions (Canada, Australia and New Zealand) towards Japan in the 1920s and early 1930s. It particularly focuses on the circumstances of the establishment of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the questions raised in relation to British attempts at extending the alliance in 1921. In the end, international circumstances and the treaties signed at the Washington Conference led to the end of the alliance. The Far Eastern Crisis of 1931–1932 repeatedly forced British and Dominion, especially Australian, representatives to take a position on Japanese foreign policy and Tokyo’s aspirations. When the endeavour to deal with the disputes at the League of Nations failed, Australia decided to send a special mission led by Sir John Greig Latham to the Far East and the Pacific in order to consolidate friendly relations with neighbouring countries and attempt to solve mutual problems and conflicts.

3

The Establishment of the Committee of Imperial Defence and the British-Dominion Relations, 1904–1911

84%

Valkoun J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2015

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issue 2

61-72

EN

This contribution is focused on the analysis of the establishment of the Committee of Imperial Defence and the British-Dominion relations from 1904 to 1911. The formation of the first dominions by linking the until-then Self-governing Colonies together raised the question of what the position of the new Dominions to their mother country and the other parts of the Empire was. Before the outbreak of the First World War, matters related to the Dominion status were discussed at several Colonial, from 1907 Imperial Conferences; however, neither British nor Dominion politicians managed to reach an agreement or a complex solution. In fact, only partial solutions were adopted. At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, the British Government began to pursue defence matters intensively. A lot of foreign-policy issues, and in particular fear of German naval armaments, had a profound influence on the debate; indeed, this was the case to the extent that the significance of the second influential imperial institution, i.e. the Imperial Defence Committee, rose. Even though the system of imperial conferences, that served as a forum where crucial questions dealing with imperial, foreign, defence and economic policies were decided, was institutionalised and firmly “anchored” in the imperial structure, it had to compete with the powerful Imperial Defence Committee.

4

Great Britain, the Dominions and the Paris Peace Conference

84%

Valkoun J.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2014

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vol. 4

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issue 2

145-162

EN

The First World War represented the biggest challenge and a test of cohesion for the individual parts of the Empire. Newly, the dominions were to reach full recognition as autonomous nations of the imperial community. Participation of the Dominions at the Paris Peace Conference and the issues discussed there influenced the status of the Dominions not only to their mother country, but also to the wider world. All the Dominions, except for Newfoundland, found themselves among members of the new international organisation – the League of Nations. In addition, Dominion delegates also signed the Treaty of Versailles, which the overseas leaders considered a formal recognition of their formal independence on the part of the British. However, in contrast to the expectations of the Dominion representatives, a symbolic recognition of their new status did not take place and, therefore, the world continued to regard them as an integral part of the British Empire, i.e. that the British still represented them in many aspects on the outside. The course of the conference, however, did confirm that it was not possible to view the Dominions as “ordinary” colonies or dependent territories anymore. The First World War strengthened the general trend heading towards a broader understanding of autonomy and to a more intense cooperation within the Empire.

5

Cesta k nezávislosti? Britsko-kanadské vztahy a důsledky uzavření americko-kanadské Platýzové smlouvy z roku 1923

67%

Valkoun J.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

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2016

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vol. 8

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issue 1

162-171

EN

The contribution is focused on the analysis of the British-Canadian relations in connexion with the Conclusion of the American-Canadian Halibut Treaty of 1923 with special regard to the constitutional relations between the mother country and its Dominions, which along with foreign and economic policy formed one of the most significant and interesting chapters in British imperial history in the 1920s. AÝer the First World War, some overseas representatives maintained a position that the Dominions were now equal countries with Britain and, on top of that, that they were no longer in a subsidiary position and were united by common obligations towards the Crown and their membership in the British Empire. Àe circumstances and discussions that accompanied the negotiation and conclusion of the Halibut Treaty between the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada all were reflected to a large extent in a clearer definition of the constitutional status of the Dominions and the problems of negotiation, conclusion and ratification of international treaties.

CS

Příspěvek je založen na analýze britsko-kanadských vztahů v souvislosti s uzavřením americko-kanadské Platýzové smlouvy z roku 1923 se zvláštním zřetelem ke konstitucionálním vztahům mezi mateřskou zemí a dominii, jež tvořily vedle imperiální zahraniční a hospodářské politiky jednu z nejvýznamnějších a nejzajímavějších kapitol britských imperiálních dějin ve dvacátých letech 20. století. Po skončení první světové války zastávali někteří zámořští představitelé názor, že dominia jsou rovnoprávné země s Británií, že se již nenachází v subsidiárním postavení a že je pojí společné závazky vůči Koruně a členství v britském impériu. Okolnosti a diskuse, které doprovázely vyjednávání a uzavření tzv. Platýzové smlouvy mezi Spojenými státy americkými a dominiem Kanada se nemalou měrou odrazily v potřebě jasněji vymezit konstitucionální postavení dominií a problematiku sjednávání, signování a ratifikování mezinárodních smluv.

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2 Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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5 Valkoun J.

Dominions, Great Britain and Questions Related to Imperial Foreign Policy Implementation and Direction in the 1920s and at the Beginning of the 1930s

Great Britain, the Dominions and Their Position on Japan in the 1920s and Early 1930s

The Establishment of the Committee of Imperial Defence and the British-Dominion Relations, 1904–1911

Great Britain, the Dominions and the Paris Peace Conference

Cesta k nezávislosti? Britsko-kanadské vztahy a důsledky uzavření americko-kanadské Platýzové smlouvy z roku 1923