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1

POLNISCHE KALVARIENBERGANLAGEN DER FRUEHEN NEUZEIT. EINE VERGROESSERUNG DES KLOSTERGEBIETES

100%
Źuchowski T. J.
ARS
|
2013
|
vol. 46
|
issue 2
171 – 187
EN
In Europe, Calvaries were the substitutes of the sacred place of martyrdom of Jesus Christ. Their importance grew with the development of religious life and the limited possibility of pilgrimages to the Holy Land. The Calvary tradition has medieval roots, but its intensification took place only from the 15th century onwards. In the case of Calvaries, the mathematically thorough topography of Jerusalem, transferred to concrete implementations, showed up to be essential. The paper focuses on the baroque Calvaries built in the Polish-Lithuanian Union (e.g. Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Pakoska or Wejherowska), whose mathematical and topographical authenticity was formed under similar rules.
2
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Disciplína a další aspekty řádové organizace v české dominikánské provincii (podle zápisů provinciálů z let 1653-1721)

100%
Černý K.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2010
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vol. 25
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issue 2
67-112
EN
Between the 15th and 16th century, the Bohemian province of the Dominican Order underwent a crisis caused by the political and religious situation in Bohemia and Moravia. The general climate changed after the Battle of the White Mountain, but this change did not involve an immediate transformation of the Dominican Order in the Bohemian province. The essay explains certain aspects of the monastic discipline (i.e. clothing, disposal of property, fasting, etc.) between circa 1650-1720 and shows how the province gradually changed and adopted stricter rules which were common in foreign convents.
3

KAZATEĽSKÝ ÚRAD V KRÁĽOVSKÝCH MESTÁCH HORNÉHO UHORSKA V 16. A 17. STOROČÍ: OČAKÁVANIA MESTSKEJ KOMUNITY A CIRKVI

100%
Benka P.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2022
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vol. 69
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issue 6
569 – 585
EN
The article looks into tasks assigned to the preaching office in Protestant communities in towns of Upper Hungary in the 16th and 17th centuries (Pentapolitana league). It tackles the issue from the perspective of the history of ideas and contextual historical analysis. The analysis is based on a corpus of theological and normative texts of secular and religious character from the studied region. An outline of the theological frame (given by basic dogmatic texts) that for the Protestant communities served as the background for defining the nature of preaching office is followed by an analysis of expectations set by the representatives of the local church and town communities. Key to these are the matters of dogmatic orthodoxy and issues related to the contents of preaching, the expected social impact, and requirements set on preachers by secular and religious bodies. The article also outlines the opportunities and limitations for implementation of the idealised image of the preaching office in specific conditions of individual towns, especially with regards to educational and dogma-related requirements and the conflicting potential of preaching with respect to the secular power.
4

MEMORIAL PORTRAITS OF BISHOPS SAMUEL MACIEJOWSKI AND FRANCISZEK KRASINSKI IN THE CLOISTER OF THE FRANCISCAN FRIARY IN CRACOW

75%
Czyzewski K. J., Walczak M.
ARS
|
2013
|
vol. 46
|
issue 2
148 – 170
EN
Portrait galleries of bishops have been known in the Latin Christendom since the early Middle Ages, attesting the important role that the ius imaginum – originally a major privilege of Roman patricians – had played in the propaganda of the Church. Of the thirteen portraits that have survived to this day in the portrait gallery of the cloisters of the Franciscan friary in Krakow, a unique example of its kind, the paper concentrates on selected examples, e.g. portraits of two prominent bishops from the early modern era, Samuel Maciejowski (1545 – 1550) and Franciszek Krasinski (1572 – 1577).
5
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„V pěkné a veselé rovině leží, povětří velmi zdravé má.“ Evropská města pohledem cestovatelů z českých zemí v 16. a na počátku 17. století

63%
Holý M.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2010
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vol. 36
|
issue 1
7-28
EN
The paper deals with the perception of European cities by travellers from the Bohemian Lands in the early Modern Era. Based on three examples from the noble environment (Bedřich of Donín, Jindřich Michal Hýzrle of Chody and Zdeněk Brtnický of Valdštejn), the paper monitors not only some locations visited by these gentlemen, but also what they found most interestig in these locations, where Theky gathered information about these places and whether they also ompared with what they knew from home, how they described their observations and similar other things.
6
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KACHLICE Z HRADU V TOPOĽČIANKACH

63%
Ruttkay M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2008
|
issue 43
123 - 234
EN
In 1990 salvage excavations were led at a renaissance and classicistic castle quadrangle in Topoľčianky. Building features and settlement layers containing pottery of the Prague type proved settlement of the 6th-8th century and the Great Moravian period as well. The next settlement phase occurred during the second half of the 12th and the first half of the 13th century. The newly constructed tower is of slightly irregular shape and respecting geomorphological features of the space. A huge fire layer from the first half of the 16th century is probably corresponding with a report from 1535, according to which the castle had been burned down and plundered and slowly decaying. The new castle started to be built on the filled-up moats in the second half of the 16th century. Tiles and their fragments are a significant group among thousands of finds from different historical periods. A great variability of tiles indicates that more castle rooms were heated up by tiled heaters mainly in the 17th century. The founded fragments are remains of at least 489 tiles that can be divided into two main groups - box tiles and bowl tiles. The box tiles decorations have two main motifs: religious - St. Margaret (so-called the Banská Bystrica tiles), St. Ladislaus, The Last Judgement, Twelve maidens, The Crucifixion, The Holy Ghost, The Annunciation, Moses, St. George fighting the Dragoon, and other motifs of unidentified saints; secular - knight, burgher, fighter/hunter, halberdier; heraldic – escutcheon boy with Hungarian emblem, lion; architectonic - the most frequently used combined with other motifs (mostly various portals, columns, etc.); vegetal and geometric motifs – the most frequent group mainly in the 17th century (large scale of tendrils, leaves, stalks, full-blown branch lets, etc.); tiles with fragments of inscriptions were sporadic. As far as the tiles dating or stratigraphy is concerned, they can be divided into two bigger groups: 1. Tiles found in ground-levelling layers of the old castle (second half of the 15th - 16th century). These tiles can be classified into the older (second half of the 15th - beginning of the 16th century; Table 1) and younger (second and third of the 16th century; Table 2) horizons. 2. Tiles discovered in a waste pit in ground-levelling layers of the pulled down castle (the 17th century; Table 3).
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