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1

Wpływ emisji energii z terenów zurbanizowanych i szlaków komunikacyjnych na zmiany w rozwoju ekosystemów w ich otoczeniu

100%
Kaźmierczak U., Kulczycki A.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
|
2012
|
vol. 10
|
issue 2
73-85
EN
This article aims to draw attention to the hitherto unexplored and scarcely noticed problem of the effects of the consumption of increasing amounts of energy to human health and ecosystems exposed to emissions processed in the phase of energy consumption. Ever-increasing amounts of energy are consumed in relatively small urban areas, in communication routes and in airport areas. As far as Poland is concerned, these areas represent less than 10% of the country. For such a small area ​​the energy consumed is converted to other forms of energy, much of which is emitted into the environment. These emissions primarily include heat and various forms of mechanical energy, mainly that of acoustic waves. It studies the effect of noise on the health of people living in the vicinity of highways, as well as studies of ecosystems in the surrounding routes. There is still no explanation for the reasons for this phenomenon, as research in this area has been mainly carried out at the level of statistical analysis. The article has pointed out the possible causes of this phenomenon. The new theory of catalysis demonstrates the effect of mechanical energy input on the direction and rate of chemical reactions. This effect can also be significant in the case of biochemical reactions. Finally, the paper points out the need and direction of research, conducted at various levels, to determine and explain the environmental effects of increasing energy consumption, other than the greenhouse one.
2
Content available remote

Konfliktní spojenectví: vztahy Ruska, Evropské unie a tranzitních zemí v energetice.

80%
Litera B.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
|
2010
|
vol. 96
|
issue 1-2
67-85
EN
The study analyses a complex of complicated relations between the EU and Russia in power engineering. It emphasizes the high level of their mutual dependency. The EU depends on import of Russian natural gas and the entire Russian financial sphere depends on payments for energy materials exported to the EU. It traces the main problems of their mutual relations involving the Energy Charter and an effort to lessen their mutual dependence by diversification of energy material suppliers (the EU) and new export routes (Russia). The study accentuates lasting problems arising from the necessity to transit energy materials through third countries - mainly the Ukraine and Belorussia.
3

Analiz efektyvnosti vykorystannya enerhoresursiv dlya pobutovykh potreb

80%
Starchenko L. V., Lukash O. A., Pronikova Z. S.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
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2014
|
vol. 4 (66)
131-138
EN
Article is devoted to scientific and practical analysis of the effectiveness of certain energy use for domestic householders – heating of private houses (apartments). According to current research, much of the most economically costly fuel – natural gas is consumed by the people (mainly for heating), at the same time the lowest savings in natural gas consumption in Ukraine was also observed among the private householders. Considered and calculated the costs of the application for heating: natural gas, electricity, firewood, pellets and heat pump. To compare different fuels the results converted to kWh • hour of energy required for heating. Calculated cost of heating the house (apartment) by different types of fuel, ranked costs for various types of heating private house (apartment) to the area of Sumy region.
4

EXPLORING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL NATURE OF POVERTY IN SLOVAKIA: ACCESS TO ENERGY AND CONCEPT OF ENERGY POVERTY

80%
Gerbery D., Filčák R.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2014
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vol. 62
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issue 6
579 – 597
EN
Poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, with a complicated nature, roots and multiple impacts. Although generally missing in the mainstream definitions, access to energy has become an increasingly important aspect of this poverty. In modern societies access to energy is a basic condition for full participation. In this context, even short-term deprivation results in serious difficulties for the people affected. In the article we discuss the concept of energy poverty (its origin and problems with definitions), and analyse empirical data indicating the scope and impacts of the problem in the Slovak Republic. We suggest possible approach to defining energy poverty and offer first empirical findings. In conclusion we discuss methodological problems with the conceptualization of energy poverty and possible definitions, and outline challenges and further research needs.
5

WOOD AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY IN SWEDEN IN THE 17TH AND 18TH C. (Drewno jako zrodlo energii w nowozytnej Szwecji (XVII i XVIII w.))

80%
Majewska G.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
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vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
353-360
EN
The development of civilization in the modern period was largely conditioned by a country's forest resources. Wood was necessary to meet the basic needs of the people and was the most common source of energy. In Sweden in the 17th and 18th c. the principal branches of economy - mining, iron and copper metallurgy, the production of tar - were dependent on wood supply. Wood was the source of charcoal, which fuelled blast furnaces and forges. Sweden was exceptionally rich in forests. Over a half of the country's area (55%-60%) was covered in woods, of which only 20% was used in the 17th c. In the mid 17th c. coal-mining and metallurgy consumed 17% of wood, but the growing production of bar iron (which increased twofold in the 18th c) caused an increased demand for wood and charcoal. In order to maintain steady wood supply for the copper and iron industry and to prevent excessive wood cutting the production of bar iron and the export of wood were limited. Although Swedish forest resources were so rich, already in the mid 17th c. the inhabitants of mining regions were worried by the emergence of new foundries and complained about a shortage of wood (households consumed about 72% of wood production). The problem became more acute in the 18th c. Local shortages of wood recurred around large conglomerates of blast furnaces and forges, especially in Bergslagen. In the regions with highest demand for charcoal there were conflicts between peasants and foundry owners. The great advantages of using charcoal as a source of energy in the 18th c. was its high energetic effectiveness and the fact that it came from a renewable energy source.
6

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE OLD TOWN OF ELBLAG AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 15TH C. (Wykorzystanie energii w Starym Miescie Elblagu na poczatku XV w.)

80%
Czaja R.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
361-366
EN
The issues of energy demand and anthropogenic environmental change have not interested historians of Prussian towns as yet. One of the reasons for that is undoubtedly the scarcity of sources that would allow for a well-grounded analysis of the energy balance of particular towns. The purpose to the article is highlight the research value of the account book of the Old Town of Elblag from the years 1404-1414, which specifies in detail the expenses and revenues of the town council and its various offices. The author demonstrates that the source can be used to estimate energy consumption in the municipal trading and industrial establishments as well as the role of wood in the town's energy supply. The analysis concerned the number and location of local mills and the energy demand of local brickyards. The available data are not sufficient to estimate the consumption of fuel in households or in industrial facilities (brickyards, lime kilns, tar kilns). The data from the account book indicate that facilities of the latter kind were located not only in public buildings (the town hall, the cloth hall, the school, the town clerk's house) but also in sheds all over the town. The accounts preserved are not a sufficient basis to calculate the amount of wood and coal used to heat particular dwelling houses. It is known that at the beginning of the 15th c. the Old Town of Elblag had 362 houses and 289 sheds; there were also 483 sheds in the suburbs. The New Town of Elblag had 239 dwelling houses. The only indication in that respect is the systematic record of the yearly amount of coal and wood used to heat the town hall.
7

WOOD AND CHARCOAL AS ENERGY SOURCES IN THE COMMANDERY OF MALBORK IN THE 14TH AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 15TH C. (Drewno i wegiel drzewny jako zrodla energii w komturstwie malborskim w XIV-pierwszej polowie XV wieku)

80%
Dlugokecki W.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
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vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
275-284
EN
The energy demand of the Teutonic Order castle in Malbork, which in the 14th and the first half of the 15th century was the seat of the Grand Master and the headquarters of the Order, was satisfied by the extensive use of wood and charcoal. The most detailed information on the subject comes from the inventories and revenue books from the 14th and the first decades of the 15th c. There was a special official ('caravan master') who was responsible for buying and supplying firewood. Firewood was stored on the wood yard in the suburb. The production of charcoal, which was used in the smithy and cannon foundry, was organized by the castle commander. He was also responsible for buying windfalls to fuel the brickyards and lime kilns situated close to the castle. Charcoal was produced by charcoal burners from the village of Bronowo in the forests of the north part of Zulawy Wielkie and from the village of Polski Brunwald (now Wegry) in the Sztumski Forest. It was transported to Malbork by waterway and stored in the suburb. In the 15th c. the production was about 500 last (last - 3000-3840 litres) yearly; it came mainly from the area on the Szkarpawa river. The intensive exploitation of forests in the commandry of Malbork led to deforesting large areas. The deficit of wood, which was also necessary for the construction and maintenance of floodbanks, was increased due to the Thirteen Years' War.
8

Stan i prognoza rozwoju systemu gospodarki odpadami w Europie i USA

80%
Biernat K., Dziołak P. L., Samson-Bręk I.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
|
2011
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
101-123
EN
This article present waste management in the world and in some highly developed countries in the European Union such as Germany, Netherlands and Sweden. Article presented also waste management systems in these countries, with special attention to the processes of energy use of waste (Waste to Energy - WTE) in existing plants.
9

'ENERGEIA' AND 'KINESIS' - 'HAPLOS ENERGEIA' AND 'ENERGEIA ATELES' IN ARISTOTLE'S THOUGHT ('Energeia' i 'kinesis', a 'haplos energeia' i 'energeia ateles' w swietle rozwazan Arystotelesa)

80%
Smolak M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2010
|
vol. 38
|
issue 1
123-144
EN
The present article attempts to show some of the difficulties connected with Aristotle's distinction between 'energeia' and 'kinesis'. On the basis of an analysis several fragments from the 'Metaphysics', 'Physics', 'De Anima', and 'Nicomachean Ethics', the author comes to the conclusion that the main cause of ambiguities is an unclear division of 'energeia' into 'energeia ateles' and 'haplos energeia'. The author does not offer a definitive solution but suggests that the difficulties are a useful instrument in a deeper reflection on man from the point of view of his activity.
10
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WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR CLIMATE FRIENDLY ENERGY IN ROMANIA. ASOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

70%
Nistor L.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2013
|
vol. 45
|
issue 6
565 – 588
EN
The author intends to focus on the individuals’ choices with the aim of establishing those micro-level factors which significantly increase the likelihood of financial support for climate change mitigation in the case of Romania. The analysis builds on the databases of the 2008 and 2009 Special Euro barometers on Europeans’ attitudes towards climate change. The dependent variable is the willingness to pay for climate friendly energy (i.e. for energy produced from sources which generate less greenhouse emissions), used firstly in the form of a binary variable (yes vs. no) and subsequently in such a way as to indicate the degree of financial support (if yes, how much respondents are willing to pay). Results suggest that in both 2008 and 2009, appreciatively one third of the Romanian respondents declared willingness to pay for climate friendly energy which is significantly below the European average. Moreover, Romania provides one of the highest percentages of indecisive respondents. Statistical models underscore the fact that in-principle willingness to pay is determined by climate-change attitudes, education and age, while income plays only a marginal role. On the other hand, the proclivity to invest higher amounts of money in clean energy is dramatically dependent on the respondents’ income and illustrates the relevance of the economic model in explaining the willingness to pay.
11

Technologie energetycznego wykorzystania odpadów

70%
Biernat K., Dziołak P. L., Samson-Bręk I.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
|
2011
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
103-129
EN
The aim of this paper is to show municipal and organic waste as an alternative source of energy and the benefits which can bring their energy use. These benefits concern both environmental reasons, as well as freedom from conventional energy sources and increasing energy security. The article discusses the biogas technology and plasma technology as the most promising waste to energy technologies.
12

Osnovyi trialekticheskogo podhoda v ekonomike

61%
Melnyk L. G.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2014
|
vol. 1 (63)
140-151
EN
On the basis of specific examples in popular form article covers the basics of the proposed authors’ trialectic approach (trialectic) to the research of stationary open systems. Analyses the interaction of three natural principles: 1) material and energy, which allows the system to perform movements and develop; 2) information that provides direction of movement in space and time; 3) synergy, which provides real action parts of the system to merge them into a single system unit. Explores the origins of the system manifestations emergence effect, when it originates a new quality – whole greater than the sum of individual parts of the material forming the system.
13

ENERGY SAFETY OF UKRAINE: POSSIBILITIES FOR OVERCOMING OF CONFLICT TENDENCIES (Enerhetychna bezpeka Ukrainy: mozhlyvosti podolannia konfliktnykh tendentsii)

61%
Sabadash Viktor V., Sabadash Olena O.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2010
|
vol. 3 (47)
204-211
EN
It is analyzed in the paper the influence of complex key economic, technologic, natural, political and financial factors on the processes of forming the general system of energy safety of country. It is defined the conflict potential of energy factors and underlined the actual questions of power dialog, as possibilities of overcoming of conflict tendencies are in power industry.
14

Analiz tarifnogo regulirovaniya sub``ektov ry'nka teplovoj e`nergii Ukrainy'

61%
Shkarupa E. V., Parkhomenko V. V.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2010
|
vol. 4 (48)
219-222
EN
The basic problems of the heat power complex of the country are designated in article. The model of the multitariff account of thermal energy is offered. The multitariff account is possible only for those users who have counters of thermal energy and hot water. Tariff price control to the thermal energy has a number of advantages, basic of which are: protection of consumers against unreasonable overestimate of the prices for energy; rational use of power resources; alignment of the schedule of daily loading. The method of day and night rates of regulation of pricing is considered. The work is actual, especially for our country at which thermal energy market has not up to the end generated yet.
15

The EU Strategy towards the Central Asia Region. Policy Assessment and Some Recommendations for the Future

61%
Skrzydło A.
Yearbook of Polish European Studies
|
2014
|
vol. 17
s.229-255
EN
The EU Strategy adopted in 2007 was the fi rst basic document which established a medium-term policy line in the relationship between Europe and Central Asia, for the first time perceived as a group of fi ve Central Asia countries which were former Soviet republics. Despite many defi ciencies in the Strategy and some setbacks on the part of the EU in the course of its implementation, the document has become an important reference point for numerous policies and actions taken vis-à-vis these fi ve Central Asia countries. In security terms, Europe perceives Central Asia as a border area separating Europe from the ‘area of instability’, and that philosophy greatly determined the set of policies formulated and applied in relations with the Central Asia countries. Most of them are still countries on the path to development, relying to a certain extent on foreign development and humanitarian aid, including European aid. At the same time, Europe has realised that this region is a potential source of strategic natural resources, including energy, which coincides with the EU’s search for greater diversity of energy sources and routes of its delivery, taking into consideration the current risks, challenges and limitations linked to Russia’s return to an assertive policy of power, confl icts with its neighbours (Ukraine), trade wars etc. The objective of this article is to outline the EU’s policies, concepts and approaches towards the Central Asia region and their modifi cation and adjustment to the current international dynamism and changing situation in the region itself, as well as to identify the global factors which eventually affect the relationship between Europe and the region. Additionally, some recommendations and suggestions with regard to a future EU Strategy are proposed, based on lessons learnt and analysis of the international environment.
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