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Zarys prawosławnej nauki o Duchu Świętym

100%
ELPIS
|
2012
|
vol. 14
|
issue 25-26
11-39
EN
The role of the Holy Spirit is much more in the centre of spirituality of the Eastern Church than is the case in the Western Church. Nevertheless, to say that Orthodox thought has finally and fully developed systematic theology of the Holy Spirit, would be excessive. The science of the Holy Spirit is based primarily on the experience of the community (liturgy) and on individual experience (personal prayer). It is these two aspects that the article is devoted to. At the same time it attempts to present Orthodox Church’s teaching of the Holy Spirit not only on the basis of dogmatic formulation, but principally through the experience of the mystics, which found resonance in the practice and theory of hesychasm. Especially helpful in this approach is the Orthodox liturgy, rich in inexhaustible theological perspective. Hesychia is also linked to the contemplation of icons. The combination of these different threads leads to deep spiritual experiences. However, it was the Church where a clear revelation of the Holy Spirit succeeded, which is particularly emphasized by St. Gregory of Nazianzus, the Theologian: “The Old Testament proclaimed the Father clearly, but the Son more obscurely. The New Testament revealed the Son and gave us a glimpse of the divinity of the Spirit. Now the Spirit dwells among us and grants us a clearer vision of himself”.
EN
Every liturgy, including also the liturgy of exorcism, is a peculiar locus theologicus. The present article is focused in this case on emphasizing the pneumatological dimension of the rite. In the exorcisms the Church is united with the Holy Spirit and begs Him to give help to the man's weakness in his struggle against the evil spirit. This strange synergy of the Spirit and the Church in Christ is manifested not only in the texts of the modernized Rites shown by the author, but also in the signs, gestures, objects and activities accompanying the rites and discussed in the article. In the celebration of exorcism water, salt, oil, hand and breath are the symbols of the Holy Spirit. The liturgy of exorcisms shows not only the dynamism of the action of the third Divine Person, but also is the locus of the epiphany of the Holy Spirit, whose nature is revealed by the texts of the rites. The saturation of the euchology of exorcisms with pneumatological subjects allows the sacramental to return to its original idea, that is the epiclesis of the Spirit's invitation and descent. Hence the author shows that the true and proper tone of exorcism is not so much exorciso te, but rather invoco te, Spiritus Sanctus, or in a more distinct way: emitte quaesumus Spiritum Sanctum tuum Paraclitum super.
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