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GENDER EQUALITY: THE NEW AGENDA OF THE 'OLD' SOCIAL PARTNERS?

100%
Cambalikova M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2007
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vol. 39
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issue 3
191-213
EN
The research focused on analysing of the content of gender mainstreaming in the collective agreements at company and sector levels, in the activities (especially collective bargaining) of the social partners - particularly the trade unions - in the surveyed companies or sectors. The contents of the relevant collective agreements (company and sector collective agreements) were analysed, and the semi-standardized interviews were conducted with the respective collective bargainers in the Slovak Republic (SR). The research shows that social partners in SR, especially unions, rank themselves among the leading partners in the processes, and are aware of their specific role and function in those processes. They have been acting in area of the principles and practices concerning reconciliation between work and private (family) life for a long time and at a standard European level. They included the agenda of equal opportunities in their objectives and principles. Now they are learning how to effectively include the agenda in their day-to-day activities, especially the life of their company's employees. The surveyed Slovak collective agreements are, in principle gender neutral (in the formulations as well as in the content). They generally go beyond the framework of the law in providing more rights and advantages for the employees. In general, the surveyed collective agreements established more specific instruments and measures for reconciliation between work and family (private) life than for implementation of equal opportunities for men and women. Instruments and measures aimed at reconciliation between work and family are connected especially with the use of the social fund of the enterprise and guarantee to the employees more paid free days (for e.g. caring for sick family member, wedding or funeral in the family, accompanying child to school on child's first school day) than provided under the Labour Code, application of the flexible working time and organising of the various cultural, sport, leisure and recreational activities for families of the employees.
2
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Rod vo vede: teoretické perspektívy a ich uplatnenie vo výskume

86%
Szapuova M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 4
649-671
EN
The objective of this article is to show how issues concerning women in science and the problem of gendered science, often treated separately, are interconnected. To examine how research on women in science and research on gender and science relate to each other, some feminist epistemological perspectives, mainly feminist contextual empiricism, are used in order to show how the feminist philosophical conceptual framework may be useful for understanding the problems currently faced by women in science. After reflecting and elaborating on the very thesis of gendered science, the author analyses in more detail the concept of epistemic communities and the concept of trust as an epistemic factor. Through these concepts the authoress argues that philosophical/epistemological considerations are fruitful for studying the experience of individual women in science. Both of these interrelated concepts are considered highly relevant in the search for an epistemological framework facilitating the thematic study of women in science on a theoretical level and research on the current situation of women in the academic world in Slovakia.
3

THE SOCIAL-REGIONAL DIVERSITY OF STARTING KINDERGARTEN AND ITS LEGAL BACKGROUND (Az ovodakezdes tarsadalmi-teruleti kulonbozosegei es azok jogi hattere)

86%
Borsos-Repka N.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2009
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vol. 27
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issue 2
185-201
EN
jIn this study the authoress reveals the considerable and different regional proportions of 'deficit' of the pupils less than five years of age in the kindergartens, and examines the problem of the opportunity of early starting nursery school along some dimensions merging into each other. The object of the calculations is to call attention to the pressure of certain legal circumstances which cause indirectly the breach of equal opportunities already at the first step in the public education system. From the regional point of view it is shown that the nursery possibilities of children living in the Northern, North-Eastern parts and in the rural areas of Hungary are at a significant disadvantage; this is not a surprising, but is a saddening fact. Also the children in towns where their number is continually increasing and in some Budapest districts are in a similar situation (only with respect to the prospects of registration and the start of kindergarten). The dimension of 'parent being at home' is also analysed, divided into three parts: inactive parents (mothers) who are at home with younger sons/daughters or as unemployed and as 'full-time mothers' (this is the Hungarian word in common parlance for those who get subsidies from the state for it). All the three types of parents can meet with the discriminative argumentation of 'mother is at home anyway' (suggested by the Acts on Public Education and on the Protection of Children) during nursery registration. The authoress presents that the problem is not solved unambiguously by law. The two different interpretations of the role of kindergarten (that is, regarded as a 'babysitting' or a socialising-developing institute) throw light on the fact that the municipal district kindergartens (which are part of the public education system, so they must consequently be in the second category of institutions) theoretically could not distinguish between children in the registration process. But in practice the situation is absolutely different in many cases. At the end of the essay, the authoress delineates possible starting-points which can lead to a satisfying compromise. But there is a very long way to go in any case.
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