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Eugenika a egalitaryzm

100%
Majcherek J. A.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2007
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vol. 2
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issue 2
119-128
EN
One way to realize the ideal of human equality is to permit an unrestrained use of genetic techniques: it would enable to eliminate inequalities between human beings. Critical examination of hopes and arguments to that effect demonstrates that such a way of implementing this goal is not only morally controversial (which is not discussed in this article), but also necessarily ineffectual. Complete elimination of inequalities would have to involve cloning individuals recognized as having perfect features; there is no guarantee, however, that identical people will be equally satisfied. Genetic techniques will also be accessible in an unequal measure to differently situated individuals; as a result, their use could only make differences between individuals rather greater rather than smaller. The return of eugenics in such form would bring effects opposite to intended ones.
2
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Revisiting Pan-Africanism, The Rallying Point of the Contemporary African Thought

80%
Chukwuemeka Ozumba M.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2012
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vol. 24
285-304
EN
Pan-Africanism was a movement developed by the African people in the wake of their struggle for recognition of their humanity, dignity and equality with the rest of the world that had battered them. This movement had among other objectives the unification of Africa, a return to Africa by people of African descent living in the Diaspora and universal expression of black pride and achievement. It was also seen as the harbinger of liberation. The onus of this research work is to assess the success or not of this movement of the African by the African and for the African with a view to showing if appreciable success has been recorded especially as it affects the objective of ensuring a return of the Africans in Diaspora to the continent. This paper seeks to highlight areas where the African of today needs to address in order to bring to fruition the benefits expected of the Pan African Movement. It also seeks to establish in very clear terms that the African has a lot of work to do or else he will more than ever before be swallowed up by the West through an unbridled acceptance without scrutiny of the agents of globalization.
3
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Kobieta w pismach Platona. Między codziennością a ideą

80%
Usakiewicz J.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2013
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vol. 14
165-180
EN
The article analyzes an image of woman in the Plato’s writings. For a systematization of the subject, the author uses three categories: woman-thing, woman-wisdom and woman-human being (citizen). This article points out the fact that Plato allowed women activity in all spheres of life. Especially, he expressed the idea of the equal education for women and men. The author also proposes a thesis that these Plato’s views are based on his metaphysics: particularly on the definition of human being as a spirit. In consequence differences between women and men are amounted only to physical differences.
4

K FILOZOFICKÝM VÝCHODISKÁM SÚČASNÝCH MODELOV ZDRAVOTNEJ STAROSTLIVOSTI

70%
Smolková E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 8
637 – 651
EN
Most of us understand health care as a system in which certain values and moral standards must apply. We will try to grasp different types of health care systems, the way they work and, above all, specify how the systems differ from one another. We will investigate the issue of the access to health care and we will show how the theoretical and practical approaches to health issues intersect and influence each other. We will try to explain why this occurs on the background of socio-political theories and concepts that currently resonate in this area. Different theoretical bases as well as different approaches to health care require systematization and specification of criteria of differences, so that we can orientate ourselves in these issues and know the basic approaches that are present in contemporary health care. The point is, however, to show how moral approaches and moral judgments affect the methods and methodologies that are used in relation to these issues and how this may impact on the practical delivery of health care.
5

K FILOZOFICKÝM OTÁZKAM PRESADZOVANIA SOCIÁLNYCH PRÁV

70%
Smolková E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 7
555 – 568
EN
The issue of human rights and especially social rights is one of the most complex, intricate, and, at the same time, one of the most common topics of contemporary philosophy. It brings forward traditional philosophical themes of justice and equality, questions of bridging the moral and legal aspects of providing equal opportunities for everyone. The diversity of philosophical underpinnings of social rights allows theorists to grasp the issue from different perspectives and to introduce readers to the possibilities of accepting social rights such as the recognition of human dignity, equal opportunities, and equal chances in life. Social rights provide a way of restoring justice and opportunities for those who would not otherwise have it at all. In principle, however, it does not decide how social rights are designed, but how they are implemented and whether they are enforceable, ie how the system of social services is set up in a state and what approaches states choose in implementing social rights and whether these adequately provide social guarantees for human existence, dignity, life, equal opportunities and prevention of social exclusion.
6

SOCIÁLNE VYLÚČENIE Z POHĽADU NORMATÍVNEJ TEÓRIE

61%
Palovičová Z.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 7
595 – 605
EN
The social exclusion is inseparable from considering a legitimate social order or social coherence. The paper tries to shed more light on the idea of social exclusion. Its focus is on the theoretical tension inherent in it as well as on the current ways of approaching social exclusion which underline the normative perspective. Contrary to the conceptions interpreting social exclusion as the problem of unequal opportunities as well as conceptions considering social exclusion as undesirable, their argumentation being utilitarist or welfarist, the paper wants to define social conditions in which persons are approached with equal respect regardless to their place in the social structure in question.
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AKTUÁLNE VÝZVY SKÚMANIA TZV. RASOVEJ OTÁZKY A RASIZMU (K PROBLÉMU PÁDU STAREJ PARADIGMY MULTIKULTURALIZMU A PATOVÉMU STAVU V HUMANITNÝCH VEDÁCH V OTÁZKE ARGUMENTOVANIA PROTI RASIZMU)

61%
Šmihula D., Hrabovský M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 5
378 – 397
EN
This study deals with the problem of falling of so-called old paradigm, the paradigm of multiculturalism. Firstly, we turn our attention to the actual and, surprisingly enough, political rejection of multiculturalism. Recently, many European countries have faced various problems with their integration policies. Despite the large number of studies on the race, as well as a number of European and international documents and declarations against racism, a paradoxical phenomenon appeared: the concept of race was restored as a “scientific fact”. Although the word race was not explicitly mentioned, the concept of ethnicity offered extensive strategic support for so-called “backward groups”. Humanistic paradigm of legal equality has been replaced by the paradigm of ethnic or racial policies, i.e. policies of collective identity. As it turned out, these policies have failed. The goal of humanistic paradigm was to get rid of the word race´s false scientific aura. Humanistic paradigm as a meta-paradigm has accepted the existence of biological differences among individuals and human populations, but there was no need to take them into account when defending its legitimacy or promoting its ideal. We assert that these problems stem from useless attempts at defending “scientifically” human equality which, however, is not based on scientific evidence, but rather on the ideal of universal equality built up on pillars such as the Christian heritage, western law, and values represented by the human beings’ capability of suffering.
8

SVODODA SOBECTVÍ ZBAVENÁ

61%
Němeček D.
Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 1
7 – 13
EN
The European politicians from Central Europe use a very strange definition of liberalism. This strange definition leaves out the idea of equal opportunities – one of the two liberal principles. This omission is one of the results brought by the radical liberalism. Radical liberals protect liberty so strongly that they refuse any equality. They are afraid of the propensity to the totalitarianism so they refuse almost all state interventions. Radical liberals forget that an absolute refusing of the equality leads to breaking of one of the liberal principles. Liberty without equal opportunity leads to the same illiberal situation as equality without individual liberty. Both of the liberal principles must be preserved if we want to live in a liberal society. Contemporary liberals should find a solution to unite the liberal principles.
9

NATION, NATIONALITIES, STATE: ON THE POLITICS OF ETHNIC ENTHUSIASM

61%
Pichler T.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2008
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vol. 56
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issue suppl. issue
17 – 39
EN
The study presents an analytical description of key factors and an analysis of basic concepts in the transformation of a society of estates into a society of citizens in the Kingdom of Hungary against the background of contradictory nationalizing processes: ethnic and political. In relation to the actors, that is the types of elites involved in this process, differing in available resources, social and political capital, it was a matter of a clash of nationalisms generated from above – from the level of the government, and from below from the level outside the political institutions. It was a clash between official political and nationality nationalisms. Nationality or ethnic nationalism, its way of thinking, construction and instrumentalisation of collective identity using historical argumentation is placed in the centre of attention.
10

POZITÍVNE OPATRENIA ZAMERANÉ NA RODOVÚ ROVNOSŤ V KONTEXTE EURÓPSKEHO PRÁVA

61%
Magurová Z.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2012
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vol. 95
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issue 3
237 – 252
EN
The author deals in the article with the issue of gender equality and positive measures aimed to gender equality. She briefly describes the terms of sex, gender, equality, and in particular positive measure, whose content depends on the individual forms of equality. She pays special attention to the regulation of positive measures in the context of European law. In the context of Slovak law she concentrates on a definition of the term „provisional compensatory measure“, a brief analysis of the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of SR PL. ÚS 8/04 and, in particular, criticises the absence of embodiment of any gender-based positive measures in Slovak legislation.
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