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1

Equivalence instead of representation

100%
Mencwel A.
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
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2006
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1
6-21
EN
The author's interpretation of The Children's Memorial in Yad Vashem in Jerusalem suggests that the most important factor of changes in the 20th century art is the replacement of representation (typical of earlier art, particularly to that of the 19th century) by equivalence. To grasp the essence of this change we have to surpass the rules of predominant formulations/interpretations - based on particular 'schools' or 'genres'. We have to observe/understand art in communication aspect, in 'medial environment', to see essential changes in it. The most important change here consists in rejecting the position of absolute observer, typical of positivistic science as well as of realistic prose and naturalistic painting. This has been caused by the change of the point of view. The point of view, revealed in various artistic techniques, means that an individual perspective is always present in an act of expression - in poetry, prose, essay. A humanist principle is the equivalent of a point of view in research territory - as this principle is based on recognition that the science is developed by tools/methods created by human consciousness - categories, types, models. The science does not reflect directly external reality - the science creates models, mental equivalents of this reality. The author concludes by defining the characteristics of art and thought of the 20th century and the interpretation of a masterpiece by Tadeusz Kantor - an artist whose entire creative path embodied the idea of equivalence.
2

FREGE’S EQUIVALENCE THESIS AND REFERENCE FAILURE

80%
Hawkins N.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2021
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vol. 28
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issue 1
198 – 222
EN
Frege claims that sentences of the form ‘A’ are equivalent to sentences of the form ‘it is true that A’ (The Equivalence Thesis). Frege also says that there are fictional names that fail to refer, and that sentences featuring fictional names fail to refer as a result. The thoughts such sentences express, Frege says, are also fictional, and neither true nor false. Michael Dummett argues that these claims are inconsistent. But his argument requires clarification, since there are two ways The Equivalence Thesis has been formulated, according as the thesis equates the senses or the referents of the relevant sentences. I have two aims in this paper. The first is to demonstrate that a sameness of sense thesis is inconsistent with Frege’s other theses. The second is to argue that a sameness of reference thesis is consistent with them. Thus, all else being equal, Frege ought to endorse a sameness of reference, rather than a sameness of sense thesis.
3

POLISH TRANSLATION OF THE NOVEL 'KYS' (THE SLYNX) WRITTEN BY TATYANA TOLSTAYA AND PRAGMATIC AND COMMUNICATIVE EQUIVALENCE (Polski oprzeklad 'Kysia' Tatiany Tolstoj a ekwiwalencja komunikatywno-pragmatyczna j

80%
Jozwiak J.
Slavia Orientalis
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2010
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vol. 59
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issue 1
71-79
EN
The intention of this article is to present difficulties which may occur in the process of translation. The object of the analysis is Polish version of Russian novel 'Kys' (The Slynx) written by Tatyana Tolstaya. The novel is a very specific from a linguistic of view because of its language stylized on Russian folk 'skaz'. The authoress tries to draw attention on the way in which the decision of keeping pragmatic and communicative equivalence influences the choice of language means. In connection with this matter, differences between Russian original text and Polish translation were presented by the following exemples of translation such as archaisms, occasional words, specially deformed words, participles' use in their specific form and function, author's neologisms etc. On the ground of the detailed analysis is easier for readers to realize what kind of challenge for translator was the process of translation of Tatyana Tolstaya's historical allegory.
4

WIREDU CONTRA LEWIS ON THE RIGHT MODAL LOGIC

70%
Martens D. B.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2019
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vol. 26
|
issue 3
474 – 490
EN
This paper is a critical study of an argument put forward by Kwasi Wiredu in his engagement with C. I. Lewis on choosing the right modal logic for logical necessity. Wiredu argues that Lewis “could have been more adventurous modally with perfect logicality” and could justifiably have accepted S4 rather than being “to the last cautious of any system stronger than S2” (Wiredu 1979). I address terse, incomplete, and provocatively incongruous notes on Wiredu’s paper by (Makinson 1980) and (Humberstone 2011), as well as a paper by (Cresswell 1965) that Humberstone cites, and I draw on recent work by (Lewitzka 2015; 2016). I conclude that Wiredu’s argument cannot be accepted as sound but a variant argument can be accepted as sound.
5

Zur literarischen Übersetzung von Phraseologismen aus dem Deutschen ins Albanische

41%
Sadiku M.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
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2012
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vol. 135
127-137
DE
The aim of this paper is to study the phrasemes, which appear to be very relevant elements in the process of translation, as well as their translation modalities. The examples that belong to the corpus of this study are taken from German literary texts and their direct translations into Albanian. The central focus of the paper is to identify the problems which appear during the literary translation of phrasemes since one doesn’t deal only with the simple transfer of the particular text content. Preservation of the emotional, expressive and stylistic connotation should be stressed, too. Moreover, the paper will analyse certain expressions which the translators have made use of during the translation process of phraseological units from German into Albanian.
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