Search results - CEJSH

1

EUTANÁZIA AKO AKT POSLEDNEJ VÔLE ČLOVEKA

100%

Szanyi N.

Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis

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2017

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vol. 16

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issue 2

59 – 72

EN

This article deals with the phenomenon of euthanasia. It refers to the issue of understanding human death and the ongoing discusion on this topic. At first it presents the definition of euthanasia and it tries to describe what the concept of euthanasia means. In the second part, it draws attention to the opinions and views on the topic of euthanasia from selected German authors, who refuse classical arguments to justify the legitimacy of euthanasia and present arguments against it. Finally, the article contains a summary of the most important recent arguments about euthanasia and draws attention to the importance of assessing the intent of the act and the difference between the terms killing and letting die.

2

K Meinongově etické koncepci

100%

Hala V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2004

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vol. 52

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issue 3

371-391

EN

The author focuses on the interpretation of the basic questions in A. Meinong's conception of ethics. He sets out from Meinong's theory of objects, in which he sees the foundation of the conception, especially in so far as is concerned the application of its basic categories - objects, objectives, dignitatives and desideratives - to the axiological and ethical fields. The author emphasises that it is the general theory of values that is of defining significance for Meinong's conception of ethics. Among the various distributions within the field of values the key one is considered to be Meinong's distinction between personal and impersonal values. The author considers the defining position of values towards 'Sollen' to be another of Meinong's fundamental thoughts. The author also examines Meinong's attempt to observe apriori laws within the sphere of dignitatives and desideratives. Emphasised in the overall assessment is that a serious handicap in Meinong's interpretation of philosophical ideas is the complexity and at times even the obscurity of his expression. At the same time the author points to the renewed interest in the subjects of Meinong's philosophy, especially in the English-speaking world and in Austria.

3

Etyczna ocena różnic dotyczących praktyk eutanazyjnych w Holandii i Niemczech

100%

Birnbcher D.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 2

109-118

EN

The article concerns the discussion on approach to euthanasia in modern Europe. The main interest here is the practice of euthanasia in Germany and The Netherlands, two countries where this phenomenon occurs mostly. The article describes two variations of these practices, concerning mostly the question of active acceptance by the patient. It also concerns the ethical and legislative evaluation of these practices. The conducted analysis show that – which is in accordance with the opinion of its opponents – the euthanasia too often replaces the proper medical treatment of the patient and becomes an easy method of removing the patient, even without his explicit consent.

4

GRATITUDE AS A SOURCE OF MORAL OBLIGATIONS

100%

Niemczyk F.

Etyka (Ethics)

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2007

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issue 40

93-114

EN

Three are three dominant ways in which the relation of gratitude is described in moral philosophy - as a debt, as an appropriate emotion or as a virtue. Although the debt theory is coherent and clear, it must be complemented with a psychological account of the relation between the giver and the recipient of a favor. A virtue based account of gratitude in turn moves the limits of what is morally significant too far. The conditions under which one is obliged to express gratitude comprise both motives of the giver and the recipient and the circumstances in which the favor was done. Egoistic motivation, coercion or lack of intentionality in the initial act of favor make it impossible to talk about the recipient's obligations. One should also exercise caution in the use of the idea of claim or right to gratitude.

5

LYING AS A COMPONENT OF THERAPY

100%

Aszyk P.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2007

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issue 8

29-45

EN

There is not common agreement among doctors and ethicists about permission to lie to the patient in order to support the process of healing and cure. The article shows various moral attitudes to the use of lying during therapy. Practitioners, as well as, ethicists offer arguments for and against particular clinical practices. However, analyses lead to the truthfulness as the best approach which respects ones rights. There is not place for exceptions. With sufficient care and support from medical staff, the obligation to tell the truth always, even if it is very difficult element of therapy, serves the patient in the best possible way.

6

Nauka etyki w szkołach publicznych w ujęciu prawnym

100%

Zieliński T. J.

Studia z Teorii Wychowania

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2013

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issue 1(6)

23-47

EN

The article is about teaching of ethics in public schools, seen from the legal aspect and describes the differences between teaching religion and ethics in public schools.

7

ON THE ETHICS OF THE POLISH HUMANIST

100%

Szacki J.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

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2008

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vol. 6

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issue 2-3(20)

185-193

EN

In this paper, the author focuses on the ethics of the (Polish) humanist. He tries to emphasize the proper domain of his moral reflection. This domain is not reducible to prescriptions of general ethics, not even so-called ethics of science. It is because of the fact that the work of the humanist is characterized by commitment to the special ideal of truth. It is not necessarily an universal truth. Its sources are so-called extra-scientific values - religion, national solidarity, the well-being of humanity defined in terms of some ideology. The moral aspect of the humanist work manifests in minimizing the damages caused by the presence of extra-scientific values and in executing the rules of the good work.

8

ETHICS IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT (Etyka w zarzadzaniu przez jakosc.)

80%

Brzustewicz P.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2011

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vol. 14

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issue 2(51)

17-22

EN

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the relationships between quality and ethics. These links are diverse and sometimes very complicated. Theses of this article are: (1) Ethical values are the foundation, without which the implementation of effective and efficient quality management philosophy is not possible. (2) If the quality management has the basis in ethics, this provides the minimum of moral excellence in organization. (3) Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept that helps to improve quality management in an ethical perspective.

9

Etyka biegłego rewidenta jako jeden z obszarów etyki w biznesie

80%

Voss G.

Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Toruniu

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2011

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issue 10

447-458

EN

Entities produce financial statements that provide internal and external users of assets and financial units. However, due to abuses that occurred in 1990s, many members have lost confidence in this type of information. In order to build appropriate relationships between the various entities occurring in the market created a code of auditor's ethics, and with it a sense of security based on public confidence for the auditing profession.

10

K DOKUMENTU MTK O PŘIROZENÉM ZÁKONĚ– OTÁZKA KATEGORIE „DRUHU“ – TROJIČNÍ ZÁKLAD TZV. „ZLATÉHO PRAVIDLA“

80%

Pospíšil C. V.

Studia theologica

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2011

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vol. 13

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issue 4

207–216

EN

The author mentions two critical notes on the work of the ITC which does not consider its own former documents in its subsequent chronological texts. Moreover, the documents of this Commission are in need of an institutionalized academic dialogical reflection. Furthermore, the author deals with the category of species, which is very important in the sphere of natural order. Finally, the author demonstrates that the so-called “Golden Rule” is not particularly comprehensible out of the Trinitarian Image of God.

11

ETIKA BÁDATEĽA VO VZŤAHU K MINULOSTI A SÚČASNOSTI

80%

Švorc P.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2016

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vol. 64

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issue 4

631 – 638

EN

The ethical dimension of the work of the historian is multi-dimensional. It is most frequently associated with trivial failure to respect rights of authorship or not mentioning the sources from which a historian drew information, which is perceived as unethical by the lay public as well as the by the professionals. However, the relationship of a researcher to the past and so also his interpretation of the events is hidden from the eyes of the public and difficult to uncover even for experts. It is determined by many factors, especially the fact that a researcher belongs to a particular group in the population and holds its values. This penetrates into his evaluation and description of the past, sometimes leading to under thrusting of the public with his own or group „truth“. The question of the ethical behaviour of the historian appears at this point. It is more serious because the work of a historian is difficult to monitor but has a real impact on society.

12

Zanurzenie w etyce i kulturze. Antropologiczne projekty zaangażowane społecznie

80%

Chwieduk A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2015

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vol. 41

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issue 2 (156)

165–179

EN

In the practice of sociocultural anthropology, ethics is an important subject for Polish scholars, who more and more readily discuss the need for developing ethical standards regulating their research practice. Special attention in this respect should be paid to socially and practically engaged anthropological projects which, as the text proves, are above all “ethical”, that is focused, as a task in itself, on the goals and effects of researchers’ actions in speciﬁ c environments. The objective of the text is to reﬂect on selected aspects of this type of anthropological activity. Its main source of inspiration were the experiences of scholars conducting research, undertaking speciﬁc actions on behalf of immigrants and refugees, and entering into negotiations with ofﬁ cials – persons from the broadly deﬁ ned sphere of education. All the anthropologists involved in these activities are connected to the Poznań Centre for Migration Studies (Centrum Badań Migracyjnych, CeBaM) and the Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology at Adam Mickiewicz University, as is the author of the text, and participated in the project: Social and Cultural Identiﬁcation of Foreigners.

13

ETICKÝ ROZMER REFLEXIE VEĽKOMORAVSKÉHO OBDOBIA V SLOVENSKEJ LITERATÚRE NA KONCI 18. STOROČIA

80%

Mihalková G.

Konštantínove listy

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2017

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vol. 10

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issue 2

165 - 177

EN

In the Slovak literature of National Revival, the authors writing in this period search for the historical, cultural, literary and linguistic roots of the Slovaks. The period of the Great Moravia is therefore reflected as a constituent period of Slovak history, Svätopluk being „the Slovak king“, Constantine and Methodius being the „Slovak apostles“, as can be seen mainly in the works written by Juraj Fándly (especially in his homily and in Compendiata historia gentis Slavae). During the period of National Revival, authors highlighted the national moment, but also the ethical dimension of history in identifying the exemplary characteristics and behavior of the Great Moravian personalities. The purpose of writing about the past is to influence the present, the actualizing dimension being manifested in a national and ethical interpretation of historical events.

14

K POJMU VOĽBY SEBA SAMÉHO V KIERKEGAARDOVOM DIELE BUĎ – ALEBO

80%

Petkanič M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2014

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vol. 69

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issue 5

388 – 398

EN

The paper offers an interpretation of Kierkegaard’s original concept of self-choice, which is as a key ethical category in his book Either-Or. The main intention is to shed light on some basic aspects of self-choice, such as the three constitutive parts of choice (freedom, principle of contradiction, and passion) and the two movements in choice (isolation, continuity). The last part of the paper focuses on the issues of criterionlessness and irrationality of choice.

15

PŘIROZENÝ ZÁKON: SROVNÁNÍ ŘÍMSKOKATOLICKÉ A ŽIDOVSKÉ PERSPEKTIVY

80%

Biernot D.

Studia theologica

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2011

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vol. 13

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issue 4

137-151

EN

The article focuses on the reception of the idea of the natural law in Jewish thinking from Medieval to Postmodern times. It starts with outlining Maimuni’s refusal to put practical and ethical aspects of human existence on the same footing as theoretical pursuits of human intellect. This assumption is set against Aquinas’ analogical understanding of the functioning of practical and speculative reason, which is essential for the Thomistic grounding of the concept of the natural law. The article then proceeds to Yoseph Albo, the first Jewish scholar to introduce a Christian-like concept of natural law. One of his objectives for adopting the idea of natural law might have been to shift the debate on social and political standing of Jews in Christian society to a new and theoretically better grounded platform than that of contingent lex humana represented by the Church and secular legislation on behalf of Jews throughout the Middle Ages. Finally, the article turns its attention to David Novak, who claims that the concept of natural law retains some value even in the postmodern setting. Instead of an attempt to find some universal phenomenon to ground natural law, it seems more authentic and more useful to see it as the constitution of a universal horizon by a thinker in a particular culture for his or her own culture.

16

UMENIE A UMELÁ INTELIGENCIA – VÝZVY A NEBEZPEČENSTVÁ

80%

Démuth A.

ESPES

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2020

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vol. 9

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issue 1

26 - 35

EN

The ability to create and perceive art has long been understood as an exceptional human trait, which should differentiate us from the rest of the organisms or robots. However, with the uprising of cognitive sciences and information stemming from them, as well as the evolutionary biology, even the human being began to be understood as an organism following the evolutionarily and culturally obtained algorithms and evaluation processes. Even fragile and multidimensional phenomena like beauty, aesthetic experience or the good have lately been analysed using computational aesthetics, neuro-aesthetics, and neuro-ethics, suggesting that the entire aesthetics, art or ethics can be understood as a result of a certain algorithmic data analysis. In the following article, I will attempt to think about the concept of computational aesthetics and the possibilities (pros and cons), benefits and shortcomings of artificial intelligence in the creation, as well as in perception and evaluation of artworks. I will introduce multiple models of artistic work based on AI, quality/originality evaluating computer programs, as well as mechanisms of its perception. In the end, I will attempt to present the basic aesthetic problems stemming from the development of AI and its usage in the field of art.

17

MANDEVILLE AND BERKELEY – A MISSING DIALOGUE

80%

Tomeček M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2019

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vol. 74

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issue 10

808 – 822

EN

The goal of the present paper is to point out a peculiar style of debate between two well-known philosophers, Bernard Mandeville and George Berkeley, carried out in The Fable of the Bees, Alciphron, and The Letter to Dion. While philosophers often fall short of trying to understand each other in their literary exchanges, they usually try to convince the opponent. This is hardly the case in the Berkeley – Mandeville debate. Here the exchange is not confined to private letters addressing directly the views of the other philosopher. Nor does it aim to address a few experts in the field of moral and political philosophy. Instead, the debate is carried out in public and with the aim of convincing the general reader. This shapes the discussion under consideration here, which is exemplified by the struggle for different evaluation of the normative concept of luxury. For Berkeley, this is a strongly negative word anchored in tradition and ethics, but Mandeville is one of the first thinkers to argue for a positive evaluation of this concept, since it encourages trade and production, and thus prosperity of a nation.

18

ECONOMY AND GLOBALIZATION SEEN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ETHICS (Ekonomia i globalizacja w wymiarze etycznym)

80%

Bocian A. F.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2010

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issue 2 (46)

20-36

EN

The period of the latest crisis (2008-2009) aroused an increased interest of the economists and politicians in ethical issues. On the one hand, their attention was focused on questions of a marked lack of moral principles which is said to be an essential source of causes of the crisis. On the other hand, however, that situation gave rise to a real insight into questions of fundamental nature showing ethics as a bond in social life. The crisis that occurred at the beginning of the 21st century shows that the market enforced a correction of strategies and gave a poor mark to the system of functioning of consumerist societies that live beyond their means and yield to advertisements and marketing. The present crisis should force us to revise the prevailing paradigms, it should enforce new systemic and institutional solutions, but above all it should initiate an honest discussion on sustainable global development. A unique character of the observed phenomena (when it comes to the universality and simultaneousness of their occurrence) indicates that the world of business is going to face tremendous changes and the theory of economics will have to cope with new challenges. World market economy drammaticaly needs new ideas and a serious interest in processes that occur on the economic, political and social plane.

19

Vzájemné uzásadnění ontologie a etiky

80%

Říha K.

Studia theologica

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2005

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vol. 7

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issue 1

30-40

EN

Metaphysics and Ethics as natural dispositions of the human being are - in a mutually opposite way - the expression of the transcendentality of human spirit. The transcendentality is, as such, not comprehendible by our conceptions. It can be demonstrated as unavoidable only by an indirect and negative argument, in that it is necessarily presupposed in each attempt of contesting it. But from this argument cannot be deducted any content of Metaphysics and Ethics. When we attempt a positive argument by the reflection of self-awareness or by the necessity of self-assertion, we fall in an endless regress. According to Kant, Ethics is grounded in the 'pure fact of reason'. But any fact itself requires a ground. Metaphysics cannot yield this ground, according to Hume's 'razor'. On the other hand, Metaphysics cannot be founded in Ethics, as Levinas thinks, for the relation to the 'face' of an Other has no theoretical evidence. Ethics as universally obligatory is nevertheless bounded on the principle of non-contradiction of thinking, and the principle of non-contradiction can be justified only by the ethical duty to participate in the dialogue concerning the existence of truth. This mutual necessity refers to the mutual foundation of Metaphysics and Ethics. In this mutual foundation of the unconditioned principles there is the 'utopian place' of the absolute truth of Metaphysics and the absolute validity of Ethics.

20

BUSINESS ETHICS. TEACHING AND LEARNING (Etyka biznesu: nauczanie i uczenie sie)

80%

Gasparski W., Lewicka-Strzalecka A., Bak D., Rok B.

Management and Business Administration. Central Europe

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2012

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vol. 20

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issue 3(116)

5-25

EN

1. Purpose Recapitulation of educational experiences in the field of business ethics. Identification of risks and opportunities referring to ethical education, both on academic and professional levels. 2. Methodology A broad description with more profound analysis of chosen issues. 3. Findings The essay gathers experiences from the field of business ethics education on different levels: organization and academic as well as postgraduate. It shows a specificity at each level, especially the differences between assumptions, and then evaluates efficiency. It underlines the didactic and formation aspects of business ethics. It enables one to follow the changes within business ethics as an educational subject with aims and methods. In the end, the changes lead to presenting business ethics as an efficient instrument of forming desirable attitudes and standards in organizations. 4. Originality A presentation of the main problems of ethical education gives an opportunity to improve programs and methods in the area of education. The essay presents the ways of adapting the educational offer to the expectations of society as well as to market requirements.

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