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1

WITH THE FADING ECHO OF BRONZE SOLDIER'S FOOTSTEPS

100%
Jurgenson A.
Mäetagused
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2008
|
vol. 38
75-100
EN
The article discusses the adaptation process of repatriates, the practical value of ethnic stereotyping and its relation with everyday communication. The paper seeks to answer the question to which extent is the stereotyping process related with biography and the actualisation of stereotypes in specific situations? The analysis is based on interviews with two Estonian repatriates from Siberia following the public unrest related to the relocation of the bronze statue of a Soviet soldier in Tallinn in April 2007. The author concludes that reciprocal ethnic stereotypes are directly linked to biographical situations, and also to the idea that ethnic stereotypes might be of huge importance in the orientation and identification of a person in a specific biographical situation, while being quite marginal or non-existent in another. Stereotypes are never isolated and are closely related to other cognitive schemes, while shaping people's attitudes and behaviour. In recent years several studies on the Russian population's loyalty to Estonia, their willingness to learn the official language, adjust themselves to the cultural and political values in Estonia, and apply for Estonian citizenship have been undertaken. While learning about the population's orientation, individual self-identification conditioned by a specific biographical situation has to be seriously considered. The author claims that the use of ethnological methods (dense description, in-depth interviews) may contribute greatly to the study of national stereotypes and, in turn, to the study of national conflicts and xenophobia.
2

The picture of a Jew in Byelorussian folklore

100%
Krotau A.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
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2006
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issue 1(217)
68-71
EN
The materials collected by students of Byelorussian folklore strongly confirm that anti-Jewish prejudice was rife in the pre-industrial Byelorussian society. The Jews living in the Byelorussian countryside mainly engaged in commerce and inn-keeping, and for this they were viewed as exploiters by the local peasants. These sentiments were fanned up by the Russian 19th-century propaganda, keeping alive the stereotype of Byelorussians as being 'Jews' slaves'.
3

Problematyka żydowska w karykaturach polskich czasopism satyrycznych Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

100%
Bergmann O.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2011
|
issue 4(240)
463-490
EN
The author examines the iconographic presentations of the Jewish question in seven satirical and humour magazines that appeared in Poland in the years 1918-1939. The Jewish topics were present particularly often in two periodicals with the most pronounced political profile (the leftist/liberal „Szpilki” and the nationalist „Pokrzywy”) and the number of such cartoons skyrocketed in the late 1930s. As for the subjects raised by the cartoonists, seven groups could be identified: 1. acts of aggression against the Jewish population, especially in the first years of the evolution of the Second Republic and the fighting over its borders; 2. the question of economic activity of the Jewish minority in Poland; 3. the attitude of the Polish government to the Jews; 4. the attitude of the nationalist milieux to the Jews; 5. and of the students following the former; 6. international Jewish emigration projects; 7. from 1933, the situation of German Jews under Adolf Hitler’s rule. Jewish topics were presented in the cartoons in particularly many contexts. Treating the Jews as a certain coherent ethnic and religious community, their authors presented them in the cartoons both in a positive and a negative light. In most of these iconographic messages, there was probably more kindness, and quite often also sympathy, toward them than there was hostility or even hate.
4
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AN IMAGE OF THE ROMA: THE OTHER IN BOOKS BY ANDRZEJ STASIUK

100%
Majewski P.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2008
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issue 32
151-163
EN
The essay attempts to reconstruct the picture of the Roma people as drawn in the work of Andrzej Stasiuk, a well-known and extremely influential contemporary Polish writer. His books are one of the major sources of information about, among other things, the Romani population of Central-East Europe. Starting from the theory of critical discourse analysis, the author of the essay shows that Stasiuk's imagination of the Gypsy world is based on dangerous and dominant stereotypes which could be compared to racist and apartheid ideologies.
5

Polacy w oczach „Naszego Przeglądu”

88%
Landau-Czajka A.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2011
|
issue 4(240)
491-506
EN
„Nasz Przegląd” was a paper which appeared in Warsaw in the years 1923-1939, in Polish, and was targeted on the Polonized Jewish bourgeoisie. It articulated Zionist views. „Nasz Przegląd” writers emphasized the Jews’ national identity, deplored assimilation) and advocated the formation of separate Jewish civic institutions. At the same time, „Nasz Przegląd” dedicated plenty of space to Polish culture. It suggested that it was not the Polish nation, just its nationalistic right wing, that was responsible for the anti-Semitism encountered in the Polish society. The paper emphasized the patriotism of Polish Jews and glorified Marshal Piłsudski. Also the Polish Roman Catholic clergy was presented in a favourable light.
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