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  1. 1 Sprawy Narodowościowe

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  1. 1 2005

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  1. 1 Wysocki T.

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Ethnic Structure of Poland's Population in 1931 Based on the Declared Native Tongue

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Wysocki T.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2005
|
issue 26
29-55
EN
The objective of this paper is to examine the ethnic diversity of Poland's inter-war population. Despite his work being based on studies of statistical data, the author has also inserted some comments from historians to help better understand the subject and accurately analyse Poland's demographic situation in the 1930s. The statistical database used for the purpose of this analysis is the results of the National Census of 9 December, 1931. Using relatively reliable numerical data obtained from the aforementioned Census, he has projected the ethnic structure of inter-war society in Poland, with the key criterion being the declared native language, its distribution in individual counties, urbanisation level, and gender. Poland between World Wars I and II was a multinational state. More then 30% of the Polish society was not of Polish origin. The largest groups of national minorities were represented by: Ukrainians, Jews, Byelorussians and Germans. Quite large ethnic-language group was 'locals', that means people with unformed national awareness, resulting from census 1931 distinguished only in the Polesie province. The central and western provinces were more nationally homogeneous than the eastern ones. The most homogeneous was Silesia, and the least - Polesie. Most of Jews and Germans lived on the ethnic Polish land, whereas in the west borderland lived populations of the other national minorities. Jews constituted the most urbanized national group that lived in Poland between the two World Wars. Jews, Russians and Germans were more urbanized than the Polish. Less urbanized were the Slavic minorities (so-called 'locals', Byelorussians, Ukrainians and Ruthenians) and the Lithuanians. The most feminized national groups in the II 'Rzeczpospolita' (Republic) were Germans and Russians, and the least - Ukrainians and Czechs.
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